Cancer stem cell biomarkers SOX2 and Oct4 in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Cancer stem cell biomarkers SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) account for radioresistance in cervical squamous cell cancers (CSCCs). Their clinical implications are limited and contradictory.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited patients with FIGO IB2-IVA CSCC treated with primary chemoradiotherapy on regular follow-up.

A Comparative Analysis of Liquid-Based Cytology and Conventional Smears in Fine-Needle Aspirates of Thyroid Lesions.

Background Palpable nodules in the thyroid are present in 4-7% of the general population. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a safe and cost-effective method of choice for evaluating thyroid nodules. Aspirated samples can be manually spread directly onto the slide and stained in the conventional smear method.

Microvessel density (Cluster of Differentiation-34 & Vascular Endothelial growth factor) in Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma: Clinical correlation.

Background: The literature on microvessel density (MVD) signifying neoangiogenesis/tumour-activity in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is limited. Accordingly, this study evaluates and correlates MVD characteristics with clinical parameters/aggressiveness/recurrence.

Material And Methods: Sixty-two paraffin blocks of JNA were studied histopathologically and MVD was assessed following immunohistochemistry using VEGF and CD34 as vascular markers.

promoter methylation & its immunohistochemical correlation in sporadic breast cancer.

Background & Objectives: Studies have shown that apart from hereditary breast carcinomas, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) mutations conferring to its loss are seen in sporadic breast carcinomas (SBC) as well. The aim of the present study was to assess BRCA1 methylation in females presenting at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, with SBC by both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation PCR with respect to hormonal profile and various morphological prognostic parameters. The primary objective was to look for the association between BRCA1 protein expression and DNA promoter methylation.

Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Immunohistochemical Expression and Promoter Methylation Status in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions.

Background: Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is the most common invasive malignancy of the female genital tract. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of EEC and mortality related to it have not decreased. Therefore, research is needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of EEC and its precursors to reduce the mortality and societal burden associated with them.

Detection of Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1), Early Antigen 1F, 2R (EA-1F, EA- 2R) along with Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) in Breast Cancer of Northern India: An Interim Analysis.

Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer (BC)  is a prominent cause of death, with a disproportionately high incidence in developed countries. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been reported in up to 90% of the world's population.  Although the exact link of EBV infection and breast carcinoma is not yet determined.

Can dual staining with p16 and Ki67 be biomarkers of epithelial dysplasia in oral lesions?

Background: Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process with epithelial dysplasia as a premalignant condition. There is a significant inter-observer variation in diagnosing and grading the oral epithelial dysplasia. As human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to have à strong relationship with oral carcinogenesis, using P16 as a biomarker may help in identifying the cells which may be undergoing the malignant transformation.

Model for Early Prediction of Preeclampsia: A Nested Case Controlled Study in Indian Women.

Purpose: Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5-7% of the pregnancies worldwide, and is one of the most dreaded disorders of pregnancy contributing to maternal and neonatal mortality. PE is mostly presented in the third trimester of pregnancy. Here, we used serum placental growth factor (PIGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) to develop a model for predicting PE in Indian women in early second trimester.

Guided Needle Aspirations of Intra-Abdominal Masses: Analogy between Liquid-Based and Conventional Smear Preparation Methods.

Objective: Image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology with conventional smear (CS) preparation offers onsite cellular adequacy evaluation; however, it still provides false negatives due to faulty smear preparations. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) can be advantageous in these scenarios. Hence, with an aim to investigate utility of LBC in these samples, we carried out the above study with objectives to find diagnostic accuracy of LBC and agreement of LBC with CS methods in guided aspiration samples from intra-abdominal masses.

CASC5 is a potential cancer-testis gene in human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Urinary Bladder cancer (UBC) is a diversified disease with an array of clinicopathological attributes. Several studies have shown that cancer susceptibility candidate 5 (CASC5) plays important roles in various types of malignancies; however its expression and clinical significance in human UBC remain largely unknown. This research study was intended to explore mRNA/protein expression pattern of CASC5 as a member of the cancer-testis (CT) gene family and assess its clinical utility in diagnostic management of patients with UBC.

Frequent expression of a novel cancer testis antigen, protein kinase human monopolar spindle 1 (hMps1/TTK) in human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is a frequently occurring malignancy of the urinary tract. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mRNA and immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of protein kinase human monopolar spindle 1 (hMps1/TTK) gene in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder and correlate its expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. In the present study, quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate TTK mRNA expression in TCC.

Nodular Hidradenocarcinoma, Trichelemmal Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Clear Cell Changes: Pitfalls of Biopsy Diagnosis of Skin and Adnexal Tumours.

Skin and Adnexal tumours are a group of benign and malignant tumours whose basic diagnosis relies on histopathology. A single tumour may show more than 1 appendageal differentiation. Morphologic distinction between benign and its malignant counterpart is of utmost importance as it affects the treatment and prognosis of patient.

A rare case report of transitional urothelial carcinoma metastasizing to isolated upper cervical lymph node diagnosed on cytology.

Transitional urothelial carcinoma frequently metastasizes to pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually within 2 years of primary diagnosis but isolated metastasis to upper cervical lymph node after 5 years of primary diagnosis is extremely rare. We report here a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with Level II cervical node enlargement after 5 years of being diagnosed and treated for urothelial carcinoma. The diagnosis of cervical metastasis from urothelial carcinoma was suggested by fine-needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by immunocytochemistry.

Incidence OF HPV and EBV in oral cancer and their clinico-pathological correlation- a pilot study of 108 cases.

Introduction: Out of all non-communicable diseases, cancer is the leading cause of death in the 21st century. Oral cancer ranks in top ten cancers in the world and oncogenic viruses contribute to its development and are a major preventable risk factor for it.

Material And Methods: In the present study we intend to find the incidence of HPV and EBV by PCR in 108 sporadic oral cancer patients and study the clinico-pathological variables in agreement to their presence or absence.

ALK-negative primary cutaneous T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma, myxoid variant; masquerading as sarcoma: unveiling the diagnostic dilemma.

We present a case of 50-year-old man with history of ulcerative right axillary mass for 6 months. Axillary lymphadenopathy and organomegaly were absent. Microscopic examination showed sheets of pleomorphic cells which were mitotically active.

Differentially expressed full-length, fusion and novel isoforms transcripts-based signature of well-differentiated keratinized oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Highly keratinized oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) exhibits an improved response to treatment and prognosis compared with weakly keratinized OSCC. Therefore, we aimed to develop gene transcript signature and to identify novel full-length isoforms, fusion transcript and non-coding RNA to differentiate well-differentiated (WD) with Moderately Differentiated (MD)/Poorly Differentiated (PD)/WD-lymphadenopathy OSCC through, HTA, Isoform sequencing, and NanoString. Additionally, specific copy number gain and loss were also identify in WD keratinized OSCC through Oncoscan array and validated through Real-time PCR in histopathologically characterized FFPE-WD keratinized OSCC.

The Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Neurological presentation with isolated multiple cranial nerve palsies is common and its diverse causes include infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory pathologies. The aetiological spectrum may depend upon geographical regions. We undertook this study to explore clinical spectrum and aetiological profile of multiple cranial nerve palsies.

Indian Academy of Cytologists National Guidelines for Cytopathology Laboratories for Handling Suspected and Positive COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patient Samples.

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. This scenario has impacted the way we practice cytopathology. Cytology laboratories receive fresh and potentially infectious biological samples including those from the respiratory tract, from COVID-19 positive or suspected patients.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCB) is an extremely rare but aggressive tumour constituting less than 0.7% of all urinary bladder tumours. It is often misdiagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma, owing to the similarities in presentation.

Correction: Tissue and serum expression of TGM-3 may be prognostic marker in patients of oral squamous cell carcinoma undergoing chemo-radiotherapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.