Geospatial monitoring and human health risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in groundwater and surface water in Kampala and Mbarara Districts, Uganda.

This study investigated the occurrence, concentration and human health risks of five pharmaceutical residues-metronidazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, carbamazepine, and caffeine-in groundwater and surface water samples from Kampala and Mbarara districts of Uganda. The present study also employed techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS); thereby, emphasizing the importance of thematic mapping, land use classification, and spatial buffering to evaluate pharmaceutical contaminants in an environmental setting. The risk quotient (RQ) approach was also employed to assess the risk of exposure to the pharmaceutical contaminants.

Occurrence, environmental impact and fate of pharmaceuticals in groundwater and surface water: a critical review.

In many nations and locations, groundwater serves as the population's primary drinking water supply. However, pharmaceuticals found in groundwater and surface waters may affect aquatic ecosystems and public health. As a result, their existence in natural raw waters are now more widely acknowledged as a concern.

Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure from the Agricultural Sector in Africa: A Workshop Report.

Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of Africa have been documented, there is limited evidence regarding which specific interventions are effective in reducing pesticide exposure and associated risks to human health and ecology. The overall goal of the African Pesticide Intervention Project (APsent) study is to better understand ongoing research and public health activities related to interventions in Africa through the implementation of suitable target-specific situations or use contexts. A systematic review of the scientific literature on pesticide intervention studies with a focus on Africa was conducted.

Concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Water from Asunle Stream, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

This study assessed the concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in stream water obtained from Asunle stream, an adjoining stream of the Obafemi Awolowo University dumpsite. Water samples were collected for a period of eight months from six different locations comprising of a spot upstream in an uphill area relative to the refuse dumpsite and five others downstream along the stream course. The sampled waters were extracted with dicholoromethane using liquid-liquid extraction method and cleanup was carried out with silica gel.

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels of groundwater in Ife north local government area of Osun state, Nigeria.

This study determined the presence and levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of groundwater in Moro, Edun-Abon, Yakoyo and Ipetumodu communities in Ife-North Local Government Area of Osun State. This was with a view to create public awareness about the safety of groundwater as a source for domestic purposes (e.g.

Phenols, flame retardants and phthalates in water and wastewater - a global problem.

Organic pollutants in water and wastewater have been causing serious environmental problems. The arbitrary discharge of wastewater by industries, and handling, use, and disposal constitute a means by which phenols, flame retardants (FRs), phthalates (PAEs) and other toxic organic pollutants enter the ecosystem. Moreover, these organic pollutants are not completely removed during treatment processes and might be degraded into highly toxic derivatives, which has led to their occurrence in the environment.

Assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment of Asunle stream of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Assessment of levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from the sediment of Asunle stream, an adjourning stream of the Obafemi Awolowo University dumpsite, has been carried out. Sediment samples were collected from the stream at six locations for a period of 8 months, composed of 4 months each of wet (May-Aug) and dry (Nov-Feb) seasons. Soxhlet extraction was employed for the isolation of all the target compounds from the sediment samples.

Downstream assessment of chlorinated organic compounds in the bed-sediment of Aiba Stream, Iwo, South-Western, Nigeria.

This study investigated levels and distribution pattern of chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) otherwise known as organochlorine pesticides in sediment samples at downstream of Aiba watercourse in Iwo, South-western Nigeria. Soxhlet extraction method followed by GC-ECD analysis were used to ascertain levels of COCs in the sediment samples collected from four different locations along the stream. Eighteen COCs were detected with trans permethrin and endosulfan sulfate having highest and lowest concentrations of 375.

Distribution of three non-essential trace metals (Cadmium, Mercury and Lead) in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria.

The distribution of non-essential trace elements in some vital organs of 11 fish species from Aiba Reservoir, Iwo, Nigeria was assessed between November 2010 and June 2011. The fish species belong to seven families; family Mormyridae, family Cyprinidae, family Hepsetidae and family Channidae each with one species; family Bagridae and family Clariidae each with two species; and family Cichlidae with three species. All families, except Clariidae and Channidae, are common in the daily catch from the reservoir.