Organochlorine pesticide contamination of soils and dust from an urban environment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.

The concentrations, sources, and risk of twenty organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soils and dusts from a typical urban setting in the Niger Delta of Nigeria were examined. The Σ20 OCP concentrations (ng g) varied from 4.49 to 150 with an average value of 32.

Safety evaluation of organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in imported canned fish in Nigeria.

Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were measured in thirty popular brands of imported canned fish (mackerel, sardines, and tuna) in Nigeria to ascertain potential threats to humans arising from their consumption. The Σ20 OCP concentrations in mackerel ranged from 0.47 to 7.

Polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination in sediments from rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria.

This study investigated the concentrations of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in sediments from three rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria that have been affected by pollution from urbanization and industrial activities. The Σ39 PBDE concentrations in sediments from these rivers ranged from 0.29 to 95.

Distribution, sources, and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from rural communities around gas flaring points in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.

This study investigates the concentrations, sources, and ecological and human health risks resulting from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of rural communities around gas flaring points in Delta State, Nigeria. PAHs were extracted from these soil samples with hexane/dichloromethane by ultra-sonication and the extracts were cleaned on a silica gel/alumina-packed column. The PAH concentrations in the extracts were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust from rural communities around gas flaring points in the Niger Delta of Nigeria: an exploration of spatial patterns, sources and possible risk.

Indoor and outdoor dust from three rural communities (Emu-Ebendo, EME, Otu-Jeremi, OTJ, and Ebedei, EBD) around gas flaring points, and a rural community (Ugono Abraka, UGA) without gas flare points, in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, was analysed for the concentrations and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their sources, and possible health risk resulting from human exposure to PAHs in dust from these rural communities. The PAHs were extracted from the dust with a mixture of dichloromethane/-hexane by ultrasonication, and purified on a silica gel/alumina packed column. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to determine the identity and concentrations of PAHs in the cleaned extracts.

Spatial characteristics, sources and exposure risk of polychlorinated biphenyls in dusts and soils from an urban environment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.

Chlorinated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are a threat to both humans and the environment because of their toxicity, persistence, and capacity for long-range atmospheric transport. The concentrations of 28 PCB congeners, including 12 dioxin-like and seven indicator PCBs, were investigated in soils, and indoor and outdoor dusts from Port Harcourt city, Nigeria, in order to evaluate the characteristic distribution patterns in these media, their sources, and possible risk. The PCB concentrations varied from 4.

Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dust and soils from informal trade sites in southern Nigeria: Implications for risk and source analysis.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of semi-volatile and persistent organic compounds considered priority pollutants because of their pervasive nature and high toxicity to the ecosystem and humans. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the PAH concentrations in dust and soils around informal trade sites (ITS) in Nigeria to determine the level of risk, sources, and significance of these activities to the PAH load of the environment. The 16 US EPA PAHs in dust and soils from ITS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in imported canned fish in Nigeria and risk assessment.

Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) were measured in imported canned fish such as mackerel, sardine and tuna to evaluate the risk relating to human consumption of these products. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to evaluate the concentrations of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the samples. The 28 PCB concentrations in the canned mackerel, tuna and sardine ranged from 0.

Occurrence and spatial characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from rivers in the western Niger delta of Nigeria impacted by urban and industrial activities.

The characteristic concentrations of 28 PCB congeners, their spatial distributions, sources, and associated risks to the ecosystem were investigated in sediments of some rivers around a glass industry and power generating plant in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied for the identification and quantification of PCBs in sediments from these rivers. The Ʃ28 PCB concentrations (dry weight) in sediments ranged from 1520 to 3540 ng g for the Afiesere River, 976-5670 ng g for the Edor River, and from 1440 to 6340 ng g for the Okpare River.

Concentrations, sources, and exposure risk of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil profiles of the floodplain of the lower reaches of the River Niger, Nigeria.

The concentrations of 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in soils collected at three depths from thirteen different sites along the floodplain of the lower reaches of the River Niger (LRRN) in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to provide data on the levels of contamination, sources of the contaminants, and risks to the ecosystem and humans. Soil samples were Soxhlet extracted with a solvent mixture of dichloromethane (DCM)/n-hexane and cleaned up on a column packed with Florisil and silica gel.

Distribution, sources and exposure risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt city, Nigeria.

In this study, we evaluated the concentrations, composition, sources, and potential risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt city in Nigeria. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the detection and quantification of PAH species in the samples. The concentrations of the US EPA 16 PAHs plus 2-methyl-naphthalene (∑17 PAHs) in soils, and indoor and outdoor dust from Port Harcourt city ranged from 240 to 38 400, 276 to 9130 and 44 to 13 200 μg kg (dry weight, d.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments from selected rivers in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria: Spatial distribution, sources, and ecological and human health risks.

This study assessed the concentrations, sources, and risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the Rivers Niger, Ase and Forcados in the western Niger Delta. The concentrations of PAHs (in μg kg dry weight), as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in sediments from these rivers varied from 2400 to 19,000, 2930 to 16,100, and from 1620 to 19,800 for the Niger, Ase and Forcados Rivers respectively. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were the most prevalent compounds present in these sediments.

Spatial characteristics, sources, and ecological and human health risks of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments from some river systems in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were quantified in sediments from the lower reaches of the Niger, Ase and Forcados Rivers in Nigeria with the aim of elucidating the sources, spatial characteristics and likely ecological and human health risks relating to exposure to PCBs in the sediments. A total of 28 PCB congeners, including 7 indicator PCBs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs, were identified and quantified after Soxhlet extraction with acetone/n-hexane/dichloromethane by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Σ28 PCB concentrations in sediments from the Niger, Ase and Forcados Rivers ranged from 13.

Characterization of metals in indoor dusts from electronic workshops, cybercafés and offices in southern Nigeria: Implications for on-site human exposure.

The levels of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Ba, Mn, Zn, Al and Fe were evaluated in indoor dusts from electronic workshops, cybercafés and offices in southern Nigeria. The study was aimed at providing information on the distribution patterns, and the associated risks that may arise from exposure of humans to these metals in indoor dusts from the three work environments. The dust samples were digested with aqua-regia and analyzed for the metal concentrations by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

Evaluation of human exposure to metals from some commonly used hair care products in Nigeria.

The concentrations of nine metals, namely, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), were determined in 26 brands of hair care products including hair relaxers, conditioners and shampoos. The study was aimed at providing information on the possible risks arising from heavy metals associated with the use of these products. The concentrations of the metals were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples with a mixture of acids.

Evaluation of human exposure to metals from some commonly used bathing soaps and shower gels in Nigeria.

The concentrations of nine metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were measured in selected brands of medicated, moisturizing and skin-lightening soaps and shower gels with the aim of evaluating the human health risk associated with metal exposure from the use of these products. The concentrations of metals in these products were determined by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry after sample digestion with a mixture of acids. The concentration ranges of the metals in the bathing soaps and shower gels were found to be: <0.

Lagdo Dam Flood Disaster of 2012: An Assessment of the Concentrations, Sources, and Risks of PAHs in Floodplain Soils of the Lower Reaches of River Niger, Nigeria.

The concentrations of the USEPA 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of the floodplain of the lower reaches of River Niger, Nigeria, were investigated following the Lagdo Dam flood disaster of 2012. The aim was to provide information on the extent of contamination, sources, and risks of PAHs in these soils. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in the floodplain soils ranged from 812 to 10,700 μg kg.

Trace elements in water, soil, earthworm and fishes from Otokutu end of Warri River, Delta State, Nigeria.

Selected environmental samples such as water, fishes (Tilapia mariae and Clarias gariepinus), earthworm (Libyodrillus violaceous) and soils were obtained from the Otokutu end of Warri River, digested with acid mixtures and analyzed for trace metal concentrations using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trace metals measured include; zinc, lead, copper, arsenic, iron, cadmium and mercury. The results obtained showed variations in the concentrations of metals in the entire samples analyzed.

Determination of trace metal concentrations in soil profiles of municipal waste dumps in Nigeria.

The concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Co) were studied in soil profiles of eight municipal waste dump sites in Warri metropolis. The results indicate that concentrations of trace metals varied widely among the different dumpsites and decreased with depths in a studied soil profile. The accumulation pattern for the heavy metals in the soil profiles follows the order: Fe > Pb > Mn > Co > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd.

Metal distribution in some brands of cigarette ash in Nigeria.

The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn in cigarette ash after acid digestion were determined by graphite furnaces atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations (mgkg(-1)) of the metals in cigarette range from 0.013-2.