Unprecedented toxic blooms of Microcystis spp. in 2019 in the Chowan River, North Carolina.

The Chowan River flows from southern Virginia through northeastern North Carolina and into the Albemarle Sound, a part of the second largest U.S. estuary.

Defining algal bloom phenology in Lake Erie.

Elucidating the impact of global climate change on aquatic ecosystems, particularly through phenological shifts in primary producers, is critical for understanding ecological resilience. Here, we focus on the phenological shifts in chlorophyll as a proxy for algae biomass and primary production in aquatic ecosystems, specifically in Lake Erie as well as concentrations of the toxin microcystin. By tracking temporal changes in each, we identified key phenological phases important to estimate duration, magnitude, and intensity of harmful algal blooms (HABs).

Effects of snake fungal disease (ophidiomycosis) on the skin microbiome across two major experimental scales.

Emerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global biodiversity conservation. Elucidating the relationship between pathogens and the host microbiome could lead to novel approaches for mitigating disease impacts. Pathogens can alter the host microbiome by inducing dysbiosis, an ecological state characterized by a reduction in bacterial alpha diversity, an increase in pathobionts, or a shift in beta diversity.

Diel metatranscriptomes capture cyanobacteria-dominated Lake Erie community response to episodic events.

Here, we report on the raw and coassembled metatranscriptomes of 39 Lake Erie surface (1.0 m) water samples collected over a 2-day diel period encompassing episodic weather and bloom events. Preliminary taxonomic annotations and read mappings revealed that spp.

Correlation of Visual System Biomarkers With Motor Deficits in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis-Optic Neuritis.

Purpose: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) scoring, the most commonly used primary outcome metric for an in vivo model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is highly variable and subjective. Here we explored the use of visual biomarkers in EAE as more objective and clinically relevant primary outcomes.

Methods: Motor impairment in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunized C57BL/6J mice was quantified using a five-point EAE grading scale.

Informing the Recommended Phase III Dose of Alnuctamab, a CD3 × BCMA T-Cell Engager, Using Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analysis.

Alnuctamab, a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeting T-cell engager, has demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in the phase I study CC-93269-MM-001 treating patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Identification of a recommended Phase III dose (RP3D) was a key objective, as such population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) and exposure-response analysis was critical. Intravenous (IV) alnuctamab was administered in fixed doses (0.

Variation in resource competition traits among strains is affected by their microbiomes.

Freshwater harmful algal blooms are often dominated by , a phylogenetically cohesive group of cyanobacteria marked by extensive genetic and physiological diversity. We have previously shown that this genetic diversity and the presence of a microbiome of heterotrophic bacteria influences competitive interactions with eukaryotic phytoplankton. In this study, we sought to explain these observations by characterizing Monod equation parameters for resource usage (maximum growth rate , half-saturation value for growth and quota) as a function of N and P levels for four strains (NIES-843, PCC 9701, PCC 7806 [WT], and PCC 7806 Δ) in presence and absence of a microbiome derived from isolated from Lake Erie.

Nurse Practitioner Certification Examination Development: From Reflecting Clinical Practice to Ensuring Lifelong Learning.

Objective: Certifications in psychiatric-mental health nursing promote safe practice by psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) and nurses (PMHNs) and help protect the public from harm. This protection begins with the development of an examination that meets rigorous national education, practice, and accreditation standards and reflects PMHNPs' or PMHNs' clinical practice. Achievement and maintenance of a certification is a journey that involves a commitment to lifelong learning and the improvement of the field of psychiatric-mental health nursing through involvement in the examination process.

Time-varying functional connectivity predicts fluctuations in sustained attention in a serial tapping task.

The mechanisms for how large-scale brain networks contribute to sustained attention are unknown. Attention fluctuates from moment to moment, and this continuous change is consistent with dynamic changes in functional connectivity between brain networks involved in the internal and external allocation of attention. In this study, we investigated how brain network activity varied across different levels of attentional focus (i.

Volatile Organic Compounds in Disposable Diapers and Baby Wipes in the US: A Survey of Products and Health Risks.

Many thousands of diapers are worn by young children and the elderly, who have thin and sensitive skin that is highly vulnerable to chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may be ingredients of these products or present as inadvertent or residual components. The levels and potential health risks of VOCs in diapers have not been reported previously. In this study, we collected 31 disposable hygiene products in the US market based on market share and analyzed 98 target VOCs using purge and trap sampling and thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometer analysis.

Community's Perception on Ambient Air and Noise Pollution: A Qualitative Study in Southwest Detroit.

Background: Low-income urban communities of color, specifically African American and Hispanic populations living in industrial areas, are disproportionately affected by environmental health hazards, including exposure to air pollution and noise. In Southwest Detroit, a densely populated area with extensive industry and traffic, many residents are chronically exposed to air and noise pollution, contributing to a high prevalence of chronic illnesses such as asthma and cardiovascular disease.

Materials And Methods: To better understand environmental health concerns and perceptions of environmental hazards, we conducted phone interviews with 22 residents in Southwest Detroit.

Healthcare providers in Nigerian hospitals and HIV-related stigma: a systematic review.

Background: Elimination of barriers to identification of new HIV infections, treatment adherence and retention in care of people living with HIV/AIDS is vital to the attainment of WHO's ambitious vision 2030 of 90:90:90 for HIV/AIDS. However, HIV-related stigma, especially among health workers, has been widely documented as a serious threat to this project. This study explored the factors associated with the stigmatization of people living with HIV among healthcare workers in Nigerian hospitals.

The influence of extreme water levels on coastal wetland extent across the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Laurentian Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCW) are ecological hotspots and their integrity depends upon dynamic hydrologic regimes of the Great Lakes. GLCW naturally adjust to changes in hydrologic regimes via migration, but Great Lakes water levels may be shifting faster than wetlands can manage: 2000-2015 marked an extended low water level period and was followed by record highs in 2017-2020. Our objective was to quantify how Great Lakes water levels impact GLCW linear extent (from the shoreline to open water).

CPD providers can positively impact practice by better understanding how APNs are educated, licenced, and certified.

Advanced practice nurses (APNs) care for various patient populations in a wide variety of settings. The four types of APNs in the USA (certified nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, certified nurse-midwife, and certified registered nurse anaesthetist) have differences and commonalities related to education, licensure, and certification. Care provided by APNs has been demonstrated to be of high quality, and APNs are active and engaged participants in continuing professional development (CPD) as CPD is required to maintain licensure and board certification.

The effect of single versus dual nutrient decreases on phytoplankton growth rates, community composition, and Microcystin concentration in the western basin of Lake Erie.

The primary management strategy for minimizing harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Lake Erie has been to reduce springtime loading of phosphorus (P) to the lake. However, some studies have shown that the growth rate and toxin content for the HABs-causing cyanobacterium Microcystis also respond to the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N). This evidence is based on both observational studies that correlate bloom development with changes in N forms and concentrations in the lake, and experiments in which P and/or N are added at concentrations in excess of those present in the lake.

Beyond mind wandering: Performance variability and neural activity during off-task thought and other attention lapses.

To study the characteristics of attention lapses, a metronome response task and experience sampling were employed while recording fMRI data. Thought prompts queried several attention states (on-task, task-related interference, off-task, inattention). Off-task thoughts were probed on whether they arose in a spontaneous or constrained (i.

Parthenolide induces rapid thiol oxidation that leads to ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is both a devastating and common disease. Every year in the United States, about 24,500 men and 10,000 women are diagnosed with HCC, and more than half of those diagnosed patients die from this disease. Thus far, conventional therapeutics have not been successful for patients with HCC due to various underlying comorbidities.

Targeting Cholesterol Homeostasis Improves Recovery in Experimental Optic Neuritis.

Acute optic neuritis (ON) is a common cause of vision loss and is often associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Cholesterol recycling has been identified as a key limiting factor in recovery after demyelination events. Thus, the purpose of our study was to determine if the augmentation of cholesterol transport by gentisic acid (GA) benefits retinal ganglion cell (RGC) development and myelination in organoid systems and enables the recovery of the ocular phenotype upon systemic GA treatment in a MOG-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) ON model.

Occupational history associates with ALS survival and onset segment.

Objective: To identify associations between occupational settings and self-reported occupational exposures on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) survival and phenotypes.

Methods: All patients seen in the University of Michigan Pranger ALS Clinic were invited to complete an exposure assessment querying past occupations and exposures. Standard occupational classification (SOC) codes for each job and the severity of various exposure types were derived.

Clinical risk factors of adverse outcomes among women with COVID-19 in the pregnancy and postpartum period: a sequential, prospective meta-analysis.

Objective: This sequential, prospective meta-analysis sought to identify risk factors among pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 for adverse outcomes related to disease severity, maternal morbidities, neonatal mortality and morbidity, and adverse birth outcomes.

Data Sources: We prospectively invited study investigators to join the sequential, prospective meta-analysis via professional research networks beginning in March 2020.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Eligible studies included those recruiting at least 25 consecutive cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy within a defined catchment area.

Wind-Driven Sediment Resuspension in the World's Fourth Largest Lake Contributes Substantial Phosphorus Load to the 11th Largest Lake.

Capturing precipitation-based episodes is a longstanding issue for estimating tributary loads; however, wind-driven resuspension in Lake Huron creates similar uncertainties in its estimated load to Lake Erie. Recent suggestions that the phosphorus load from Lake Huron is underestimated because sampling frequencies miss contributions from resuspension events are speculative because they did not include direct load measurements, address all resuspension regions, or assess the potential bioavailability of the load. We address these shortcomings by evaluating Lake Huron's nearshore regions, characterizing the biological availability of the load, and providing direct comparisons of load estimates with and without the resuspended load.

Phase 1/2 Trial of CLAG-M with Dose-Escalated Mitoxantrone in Combination with Fractionated-Dose Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin for Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other High-Grade Myeloid Neoplasms.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) improves outcomes when added to intensive AML chemotherapy. A meta-analysis suggested the greatest benefit when combining fractionated doses of GO (GO3) with 7 + 3. To test whether GO3 can be safely used with high intensity chemotherapy, we conducted a phase 1/2 study of cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, G-CSF, and dose-escalated mitoxantrone (CLAG-M) in adults with newly diagnosed AML or other high-grade myeloid neoplasm (NCT03531918).

Protocol for a sequential, prospective meta-analysis to describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pregnancy and postpartum periods.

We urgently need answers to basic epidemiological questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant and postpartum women and its effect on their newborns. While many national registries, health facilities, and research groups are collecting relevant data, we need a collaborative and methodologically rigorous approach to better combine these data and address knowledge gaps, especially those related to rare outcomes. We propose that using a sequential, prospective meta-analysis (PMA) is the best approach to generate data for policy- and practice-oriented guidelines.