Submissive behavior in mice as a test for antidepressant drug activity.

Previously, with the administration of antidepressant drugs, it has been demonstrated that the rat model of clinical depression, known as the reduction of submissive behavior model (RSBM), has considerable validity. The present study is an attempt to extend the model to mice. Several antidepressant drugs as well as a number of non-antidepressant agents were administered to mice that had been identified as submissive in a behavioral testing situation.

Status of complementary and alternative medicine in the osteopathic medical school curriculum.

Reflecting society's interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), most allopathic medical schools in the United States offer instruction in CAM. Pertinent information about the teaching of CAM at osteopathic medical schools is lacking. The authors therefore sought to document the form and content of CAM instruction at osteopathic medical schools and compare their findings with those reported for allopathic medical schools in a recently published survey.

Irreversible inhibition of [3H]glycine transport into channel catfish erythrocytes by thiol group modifiers.

Erythrocytes can take up amino acids from the blood by using a variety of transport systems. GLYT is a key transport protein in the plasma membrane responsible for the Na(2+)-dependent uptake of glycine needed for glutathione biosynthesis. Certain cysteine-specific compounds, particularly mercuric chloride and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate), irreversibly inhibited the [(3)H]glycine transport via GLYT by red blood cells isolated from channel catfish.

Action of 4-amino-2-fluorobutanoic acid and other structural analogues on gamma-aminobutyric acid transport by channel catfish brain.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. The synaptic action of GABA is terminated by a sodium- and chloride-linked transport system. The GABA transporter is known as GAT and several isoforms have been identified.

Membrane glycine transport proteins.

Structurally, the simplest amino acid is glycine, and it has a number of important yet distinct functions in the body. This review focuses on the different transport systems and the associated carrier proteins for glycine that are responsible for its movement across biological membranes. Transport proteins in the class GLYT appear to be the most specific for glycine.

The teaching of complementary and alternative medicine in U.S. medical schools: a survey of course directors.

Purpose: The number of U.S. medical schools offering courses in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has risen sharply in recent years.

Kinetics of binding of [(3)H]glycine to transport proteins in channel catfish brain.

[(3)H]Glycine was observed to bind to channel catfish brain particles in a manner displaying saturation kinetics. The dissociation constant was calculated to be 7.38 +/- 2.

Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (orphan medical).

Orphan Medical is developing gamma-hydroxybutyrate (Xyrem) for the potential treatment of narcolepsy [183352]. In October 2000, an NDA was filed with the FDA [384422], [405504] and Xyrem received an FDA approvable letter in July 2001. Orphan Medical stated that it believed it could meet the requirements in the letter, including a trial in respiratory-compromised patients, by the end of 2001 [414461].