Bridging antimicrobial resistance knowledge gaps: The East African perspective on a global problem.

Background: There is worldwide concern of rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, there is paucity of resistance surveillance data and updated antibiograms in Africa in general. This study was undertaken in Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) -the largest public tertiary referral centre in East & Central Africa-to help bridge existing AMR knowledge and practice gaps.

Colorectal cancer-associated Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius differ from a major dairy lineage providing evidence for pathogenic, pathobiont and food-grade lineages.

Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii), a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), predominates as dairy-adapted and non-adapted variants in fermented dairy products (FDP) in East and West Africa. Epidemiologic data suggest an association with colorectal cancer for most SBSEC members, including Sii from Kenyan patients.

Investigating the association between African spontaneously fermented dairy products, faecal carriage of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius and colorectal adenocarcinoma in Kenya.

Consumption of traditional fermented dairy products (tFDP) in Africa leads to the ingestion of up to 10Streptococcus infantarius subspecies infantarius (Sii) per millilitre of spontaneously fermented milk. Sii is a member of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) for which some members are associated particularly with colorectal cancer or endocarditis. The extent of health risks to tFDP consumers is largely unknown.

Esophageal cytology sponge diagnostic test results in kenyatta national referral hospital, kenya.

Objective: To describe the cytological findings of the esophagus using sponge cytology as a triage test in patients referred for esophageal endoscopy at Kenyatta National Hospital.

Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken to obtain specimens from the esophagus for cytological evaluation using a sponge. The cellular yield and pattern of esophageal cytological findings was described by cytopathologists using the Bethesda system.