Laser Powder Bed Fusion Parameters Optimization for Enhanced Mechanical Properties of EOS Co-Cr Dental Alloy.

This research explores how variations in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters-laser power (), scanning speed (), and base plate preheating temperature ()-affect the mechanical properties of the EOS Co-Cr SP2 dental alloy. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the process parameters. Mechanical testing focused on crucial properties for dental applications, including yield strength (), elongation (), toughness (), and flexural strength ().

The Impact of AlO Particles from Grit-Blasted Ti6Al7Nb (Alloy) Implant Surfaces on Biocompatibility, Aseptic Loosening, and Infection.

For the improvement of surface roughness, titanium joint arthroplasty (TJA) components are grit-blasted with AlO (corundum) particles during manufacturing. There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation in TJA, and its association with osteolysis and implant loosening. The surface morphology, chemistry, phase analysis, and surface chemistry of retrieved and new AlO grit-blasted titanium alloy were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, respectively.

Single-cell analysis of bovine muscle-derived cell types for cultured meat production.

Cultured meat technologies leverage the proliferation and differentiation of animal-derived stem cells to produce edible tissues for human consumption in a sustainable fashion. However, skeletal muscle is a dynamic and highly complex tissue, involving the interplay of numerous mono- and multinucleated cells, including muscle fibers, satellite cells (SCs) and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and recreation of the tissue thus requires the characterization and manipulation of a broad range of cell types. Here, we use a single-cell RNA sequencing approach to characterize cellular heterogeneity within bovine muscle and muscle-derived cell cultures over time.

Solidification Behavior of Fe-6.5Si Alloy Powder for AM-SLM Processing, as Assessed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

Lab-scale investigations on the processing of small powder volumes are of special importance for applications in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Due to the technological importance of high-silicon electrical steel, and the increasing need for optimal near-net-shape AM processing, the aim of this study was to investigate the thermal behavior of a high-alloy Fe-Si powder for AM. An Fe-6.

Complex Interdependency of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Fatigue Resistance, and Residual Stress of Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304L.

Stainless steels are important in various industries due to their unique properties and durable life cycle. However, with increasing demands for prolonged life cycles, better mechanical properties, and improved residual stresses, new treatment techniques, such as deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), are on the rise to further push the improvement in stainless steels. This study focuses on the effect of DCT on austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L, while also considering the influence of solution annealing temperature on DCT effectiveness.

Additively Manufactured Commercial Co-Cr Dental Alloys: Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties.

Laser-powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one of the preferred techniques for producing Co-Cr metal structures for dental prosthodontic appliances. However, there is generally insufficient information about material properties related to the production process and parameters. This study was conducted on samples produced from three different commercially available Co-Cr dental alloys produced on three different LPBF machines.

Evolution of the ε and γ phases in biodegradable Fe-Mn alloys produced using laser powder-bed fusion.

The key feature of Fe-Mn alloys is gradual degradability and non-magneticity, with laser power bed fusion (LPBF) parameters influencing the microstructure and chemical composition. Our study focuses on biodegradable Fe-Mn alloys produced by mechanically mixing pure metal feedstock powders as part of the LPBF process. The Mn content and, consequently, the γ-ε phase formation in LPBF samples are directly correlated with an adapted energy-density (E) equation by combining the five primary LPBF parameters.

Use of plasma nitriding to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of 18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting.

18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting was plasma nitrided to improve its wear and corrosion resistance. The effects of a prior solution treatment, aging and the combination of both on the microstructure and the properties after nitriding were investigated. The results were compared with conventionally produced 18Ni-300 counterparts subjected to the same heat- and thermo-chemical treatments.

A Robust Aqueous Core-Shell-Shell Coconut-like Nanostructure for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Hydrophilic Cargo.

Conventional delivery systems for hydrophilic material still face critical challenges toward practical applications, including poor retention abilities, lack of stimulus responsiveness, and low bioavailability. Here, we propose a robust encapsulation strategy for hydrophilic cargo to produce a wide class of aqueous core-shell-shell coconut-like nanostructures featuring excellent stability and multifunctionality. The numerous active groups (-SH, -NH, and -COOH) of the protein-polysaccharide wall material enable the formation of shell-cross-linked nanocapsules enclosing a liquid water droplet during acoustic cavitation.

Publisher Correction: An improved method of crafting a multi-electrode spiral cuff for the selective stimulation of peripheral nerves.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on the Morphology of Eutectic Carbides in AISI D2 Tool Steels: Experimental and Modelling Approaches.

The morphology of the eutectic chromium carbides in the microstructure of as-cast AISI D2 tool steel was modified by adding small amounts of rare-earth elements (REEs) to the melt. As a result of these REE additions the eutectic carbide morphological type was changed from lamellar to globular. Similar phenomena have already been reported for various tool steels, but no complete theoretical explanation has been provided.

The significance of nanomaterial post-exposure responses in Daphnia magna standard acute immobilisation assay: Example with testing TiO nanoparticles.

One of the most widely used aquatic standarized tests for the toxicity screening of chemicals is the acute toxicity test with the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, which has also been applied in the toxicity screening of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs). However, in the case of non-soluble NPs most of the results of this test have showed no effect. The aim of the work presented here was to modify the standardized test by the least possible extent to make it more sensitive for non-soluble particles.

An improved method of crafting a multi-electrode spiral cuff for the selective.

This article reviews an improved methodology and technology for crafting a multi-electrode spiral cuff for the selective activation of nerve fibres in particular superficial regions of a peripheral nerve. The analysis, structural and mechanical properties of the spot welds used for the interconnections between the stimulating electrodes and stainless-steel lead wires are presented. The cuff consisted of 33 platinum electrodes embedded within a self-curling 17-mm-long silicone spiral sheet with a nominal internal diameter of 2.

Microstructural Development in a Laser-Remelted Al-Zn-Si-Mg Coating.

In the last five decades, there has been intense development in the field of Zn-Al galvanic coating modification. Recently, Mg was added to improve corrosion properties. Further improvements to the coating are possible with additional laser surface treatment.

A comparison of the uniaxial deformation of copper and nickel (1 1 19) surfaces: a molecular dynamics study.

While a lot is known about the deformation of metallic surfaces from experiments, elasticity theory and simulations, this investigation represents the first molecular-dynamics-based simulation of uniaxial deformation for the vicinal surfaces in a comparison of copper and nickel. These vicinal surfaces are composed of terraces divided by equidistant, mono-atomic steps. The periodicity of vicinals makes them good candidates for the study of the surface steps' influences on surface dynamics.

Influence of low-temperature nitriding on the strain-induced martensite and laser-quenched austenite in a magnetic encoder made from 304L stainless steel.

We have investigated the possibility of producing a magnetic encoder by an innovative process. Instead of turning grooves in the encoder bar for precise positioning, we incorporated the information in 304L stainless steel by transforming the austenite to martensite after bar extrusion in liquid nitrogen and marking it with a laser, which caused a local transformation of martensite back into austenite. 304L has an excellent corrosion resistance, but a low hardness and poor wear resistance, which limits its range of applications.

Coarsening behaviour of M23C6 carbides in creep-resistant steel exposed to high temperatures.

High operating temperatures can have very deleterious effects on the long-term performance of high-Cr, creep-resistant steels used, for example, in the structural components of power plants. For the popular creep-resistant steel X20CrMoV12.1 we analysed the processes of carbide growth using a variety of analytical techniques: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction (TED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD).

Surface and Bulk Carbide Transformations in High-Speed Steel.

We have studied the transformation of carbides in AISI M42 high-speed steels in the temperature window used for forging. The annealing was found to result in the partial transformation of the large, metastable M2C carbides into small, more stable grains of M6C, with an associated change in the crystal orientation. In addition, MC carbides form during the transformation of M2C to M6C.

Effects of magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on biological and artificial lipid membranes.

Background: The purpose of this work is to provide experimental evidence on the interactions of suspended nanoparticles with artificial or biological membranes and to assess the possibility of suspended nanoparticles interacting with the lipid component of biological membranes.

Methods: 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid vesicles and human red blood cells were incubated in suspensions of magnetic bare cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) or citric acid (CA)-adsorbed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline and glucose solution. The stability of POPC giant unilamellar vesicles after incubation in the tested nanoparticle suspensions was assessed by phase-contrast light microscopy and analyzed with computer-aided imaging.

The MoS2 Nanotubes with Defect-Controlled Electric Properties.

We describe a two-step synthesis of pure multiwall MoS2 nanotubes with a high degree of homogeneity in size. The Mo6S4I6 nanowires grown directly from elements under temperature gradient conditions in hedgehog-like assemblies were used as precursor material. Transformation in argon-H2S/H2 mixture leads to the MoS2 nanotubes still grouped in hedgehog-like morphology.

An investigation of the aseptic loosening of an AISI 316L stainless steel hip prosthesis.

The total replacement of joints by the implantation of permanently indwelling prosthetic components has been one of the major successes of modern surgery in terms of relieving pain and correcting deformity. However, the aseptic loosening of a prosthetic-joint component is the most common reason for joint-revision surgery. Furthermore, it is thought that wear particles are one of the major contributors to the development and perpetuation of aseptic loosening.

Surface characteristics of isopod digestive gland epithelium studied by SEM.

The structure of the digestive gland epithelium of a terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber has been investigated by conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), and light microscopy in order to provide evidence on morphology of the gland epithelial surface in animals from a stock culture. We investigated the shape of cells, extrusion of lipid droplets, shape and distribution of microvilli, and the presence of bacteria on the cell surface. A total of 22 animals were investigated and we found some variability in the appearance of the gland epithelial surface.

Compositional and structural study of a (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 single crystal prepared by solid state crystal growth.

In this work we investigated the chemical composition and structure of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) single crystals grown by the solid state crystal growth method.

Incisional self-administration of bupivacaine or ropivacaine provides effective analgesia after inguinal hernia repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and applicability of two local anesthetic (LA) solutions self-administered for pain treatment after inguinal hernia repair (IHR) by balloon-pumps via catheters placed in the surgical wound. Effectiveness of analgesia was also compared.

Methods: Two groups of patients for IHR were included in the randomized, double-blind study.