Prefrontal Cortex Neuromodulation Enhances Frontal Asymmetry and Reduces Caloric Intake in Patients with Morbid Obesity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a combined intervention involving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and cognitive training (CT). Short-term effects on food consumption, cognition, endocannabinoid (eCB) levels, and electroencephalogram (EEG) markers of future weight loss were explored.

Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers with morbid obesity were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial.

Risk of underdiagnosis of hypertension in schizophrenia patients.

Aim: Arterial hypertension requires proper screening and management, and its underdiagnosis in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and/or antipsychotic treatment has been postulated. The objective of the study is to assess whether there are differences in the proportion of screened patients with a blood pressure >140/90 mmHg that are undiagnosed or not confirmed later (risk of underdiagnosis).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of clinical records from SIDIAPQ (Spain) during the 2006-2011 period.

Screening of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with schizophrenia and patients treated with antipsychotic drugs: are we equally exhaustive as with the general population?

Unlabelled: Many studies have previously shown increased cardiovascular risk factors related to schizophrenia independently from the use of antipsychotic drugs. However, a poorer effort in clinical detection and management of cardiovascular risk in patients with severe mental illness could also explain these results. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the differences in screening and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors between schizophrenia, non-schizophrenic patients on treatment with antipsychotic drugs (NS-TAD) and the general population.

Pharmacokinetics in Morbid Obesity: Influence of Two Bariatric Surgery Techniques on Paracetamol and Caffeine Metabolism.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to study the impact of the two most common bariatric surgery techniques on paracetamol pharmacokinetics (a marker of gastric emptying) and caffeine metabolism (a marker of liver function).

Materials And Methods: In the present prospective study, we studied 24 morbid obese patients before, at 4 weeks, and 6 months after having undergone sleeve gastrectomy (n = 10) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 14). For comparative purposes, 28 healthy controls (14 normal weights and 14 overweights) were also included in the study.

[Obesity and cancer: «Dangerous friendship»].

Obesity and cancer are one of the most important health problems is Spain. Between 23 and 28% of the adult population in Spain are obese, 39% are overweight and 36% have abdominal obesity. The association between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and sleep obstructive apnea is well known.

Caloric intake capacity as measured by a standard nutrient drink test helps to predict weight loss after bariatric surgery.

Background: Instruments that enable to select individuals that will benefit most from bariatric surgery (BS) are necessary to increase its cost-efficiency. Our goal was to assess if intake capacity, measured with a standardized test, predicts response to BS.

Methods: Patients with criteria for BS were randomly allocated to laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

High prevalence of obesity in a Spanish working population.

Background And Objectives: To report the prevalence of obesity in a Spanish working population and its changes in recent years.

Material And Methods: Data were collected from routine medical examinations performed on workers by a national mutual insurance society for occupational accidents and diseases (Ibermutuamur). A structured questionnaire was completed and physical examinations were performed.

The diabetic immigrant: cardiovascular risk factors and control. Contributions of the IDIME study.

Introduction And Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors in immigrants with diabetes in Spain.

Methods: A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study including a cohort of 605 diabetic immigrants and 307 native diabetics was conducted in patients diagnosed with diabetes and treated in primary and specialized care in Spain. A consecutive sampling method was followed.

[Bariatric surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Weight loss can improve metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but the results of conventional therapy in this respect have been discouraging. Besides achieving significant and sustained weight loss, bariatric surgery can improve or resolve type 2 diabetes mellitus in the majority of patients. Anatomical modifications and changes in the secretion of intestinal hormones can explain the superiority of malabsorptive techniques.

Hyperthyroidism in a population with Down syndrome (DS).

Background: Thyroid disorders are frequent in patients with Down syndrome (DS). It is well-known that the prevalence of hypothyroidism is high but data on hyperthyroidism are scarce.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, aetiology, clinical characteristics, evolution and treatment of hyperthyroidism in a population with DS attending a specialized medical centre.

Digestive hemorrhage caused by a Meckel's diverticulum in a metformin-treated patient: is there any connection?

An obese patient, not diabetic, treated with metformin for some weeks, was referred to us with severe inferior digestive hemorrhage, diagnosed with Meckel's diverticulum. Metformin is described as a glucose-lowering agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and as antiobesity drug, though results achieved with this last indication are not conclusive. But metformin has fibrinolytic features by means of diminished plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity.

[Graves Basedow disease following treatment with magistral formulae for obesity. Jod-Basedow phenomenon?].

Two cases are reported of women aged 18 and 36 years respectively who developed a typical picture of hyperthyroidism by Graves Basedow disease (primary hyperthyroidism, diffuse goiter with increased uptake, positive stimulating thyroid antibodies, exophthalmos). These women had taken drugs for obesity which were prepared by magistral formula and acquired by mail 8 and 9 months prior to diagnosis of the disease. The differential diagnosis is discussed which should be considered in a women with hyperthyroidism and the antecedent of ingestion of weight-reducer drugs as well as the orientative data of the different causes.