Charge density waves tuned by biaxial tensile stress.

The precise arrangement and nature of atoms drive electronic phase transitions in condensed matter. To explore this tenuous link, we developed a true biaxial mechanical deformation device working at cryogenic temperatures, compatible with x-ray diffraction and transport measurements, well adapted to layered samples. Here we show that a slight deformation of TbTe can have a dramatic influence on its Charge Density Wave (CDW), with an orientational transition from c to a driven by the a/c parameter, a tiny coexistence region near a = c, and without space group change.

Photogeneration of Chlorine Radical from a Self-Assembled Fluorous 4CzIPN•Chloride Complex: Application in C-H Bond Functionalization.

The chlorine radical is a strong HAT (Hydrogen Atom Transfer) agent that is very useful for the functionalization of C(sp)-H bonds. Albeit highly attractive, its generation from the poorly oxidizable chloride ion mediated by an excited photoredox catalyst is a difficult task. We now report that 8R-4CzIPN, an electron-deficient fluorous derivative of the benchmark 4CzIPN photoredox catalyst belonging to the donor-acceptor carbazole-cyanoarene family, is not only a better photooxidant than 4CzIPN, but also becomes an excellent host for the chloride ion.

Clinical description and outcome of overall varicella-zoster virus-related organ dysfunctions admitted in intensive care units: the VAZOREA cohort study.

Background: Due to aging population and increasing part of immunocompromised patients, a raise in life-threatening organ damage related to VZV can be expected. Two retrospective studies were already conducted on VZV in ICU but focused on specific organ injury. Patients with high-risk of VZV disease still must be identified.

Identification of gene regulatory networks affected across drug-resistant epilepsies.

Epilepsy is a chronic and heterogenous disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, that are commonly resistant to antiseizure medications. This study applies a transcriptome network-based approach across epilepsies aiming to improve understanding of molecular disease pathobiology, recognize affected biological mechanisms and apply causal reasoning to identify therapeutic hypotheses. This study included the most common drug-resistant epilepsies (DREs), such as temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS), and mTOR pathway-related malformations of cortical development (mTORopathies).

Downregulation of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 15 (USP15) Does Not Provide Therapeutic Benefit in Experimental Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Structural epilepsies display complex immune activation signatures. However, it is unclear which neuroinflammatory pathways drive pathobiology. Transcriptome studies of brain resections from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients revealed a dysregulation of transforming growth factor β, interferon α/β, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathways.

Strong circularly polarized luminescence intramolecular excited-state symmetry-breaking charge separation.

-1,2-di(1-pyrenylamino)cycloxexane was found to display circularly polarized excimer emission ( = 0.016) both in polar and non-polar solvents that is assigned to charge separation symmetry breaking on the basis of its large transition state dipole moment (12.1 D).

compression of micropillars under coherent X-ray diffraction: a case study of experimental and data-analysis constraints.

Micropillar compression is a method of choice to understand mechanics at small scale. It is mainly studied with electron microscopy or white-beam micro-Laue X-ray diffraction. The aim of the present article is to show the possibilities of the use of diffraction with a coherent X-ray beam.

Into the wild of nonlinear electromagnetism-a course on nonlinear electromagnetism, not quite from scratch, part III: tutorial.

This tutorial is aimed at introducing in a natural fashion the propagation equations system governing the scattering of an electromagnetic wave by a nonlinear medium. The purpose is first to obtain the equations showing the most common nonlinear effects such as the Kerr effect or second and third harmonic generation by avoiding conventional recipes and trying to arrive at these equations with a minimum of assumptions. For this, we start from the general Maxwell's equations involving the fields E, B, D, and H, and we rigorously provide all the hypotheses needed to attain the nonlinear systems of partial differential equations involving the different complex amplitudes of the different fields associated with the different frequencies at stake.

Into the wild of nonlinear electromagnetism-a course on nonlinear electromagnetism, not quite from scratch, part I: tutorial.

This tutorial is aimed at introducing in a natural fashion the propagation equations system governing the scattering of an electromagnetic wave by a nonlinear medium. The purpose is first to obtain the equations showing the most common nonlinear effects such as the Kerr effect or second and third harmonic generation by avoiding conventional recipes and trying to arrive at these equations with a minimum of assumptions. For this, we start from the general Maxwell's equations involving the fields E, B, D, and H and rigorously provide all the hypotheses needed to attain the nonlinear systems of PDEs involving the different complex amplitudes of the different fields associated with the different frequencies at stake.

Five-component, one-pot synthesis of an electroactive rotaxane comprising a bisferrocene macrocycle.

The templated clipping of a ferrocene-grafted isophthalic acid derivative to encircle a hydrogen-bonding axle through the reaction with 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)benzene is described. The constituent electroactive macrocycle of the resultant [2]rotaxane is a homologue of the versatile benchmark tetraamide variant developed by Leigh and co-workers. The relative templating effect of different hydrogen-bonding motifs in rotaxane and pseudorotaxane generation is compared, with yields varying from 0 to 41%.

Deep learning for clustering of multivariate clinical patient trajectories with missing values.

Background: Precision medicine requires a stratification of patients by disease presentation that is sufficiently informative to allow for selecting treatments on a per-patient basis. For many diseases, such as neurological disorders, this stratification problem translates into a complex problem of clustering multivariate and relatively short time series because (i) these diseases are multifactorial and not well described by single clinical outcome variables and (ii) disease progression needs to be monitored over time. Additionally, clinical data often additionally are hindered by the presence of many missing values, further complicating any clustering attempts.

Pib2-Dependent Feedback Control of the TORC1 Signaling Network by the Npr1 Kinase.

To adjust cell growth and metabolism according to environmental conditions, the conserved TORC1 signaling network controls autophagy, protein synthesis, and turnover. Here, we dissected the signals controlling phosphorylation and activity of the TORC1-effector kinase Npr1, involved in tuning the plasma membrane permeability to nitrogen sources. By evaluating a role of pH as a signal, we show that, although a transient cytosolic acidification accompanies nitrogen source entry and is correlated to a rapid TORC1-dependent phosphorylation of Npr1, a pH drop is not a prerequisite for TORC1 activation.

BED: a Biological Entity Dictionary based on a graph data model.

The understanding of molecular processes involved in a specific biological system can be significantly improved by combining and comparing different data sets and knowledge resources. However, these information sources often use different identification systems and an identifier conversion step is required before any integration effort. Mapping between identifiers is often provided by the reference information resources and several tools have been implemented to simplify their use.

Dramatic Increase in Incidence of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease (1988-2011): A Population-Based Study of French Adolescents.

Objectives: Few data are available to describe the changes in incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to describe changes in incidence and phenotypic presentation of pediatric-onset IBD in northern France during a 24-year period.

Methods: Pediatric-onset IBD (<17 years) was issued from a population-based IBD study in France between 1988 and 2011.

Revealing crystalline domains in a mollusc shell single-crystalline prism.

Biomineralization integrates complex processes leading to an extraordinary diversity of calcareous biomineral crystalline architectures, in intriguing contrast with the consistent presence of a sub-micrometric granular structure. Hence, gaining access to the crystalline architecture at the mesoscale, that is, over a few granules, is key to building realistic biomineralization scenarios. Here we provide the nanoscale spatial arrangement of the crystalline structure within the 'single-crystalline' prisms of the prismatic layer of a Pinctada margaritifera shell, exploiting three-dimensional X-ray Bragg ptychography microscopy.

PCAN: phenotype consensus analysis to support disease-gene association.

Background: Bridging genotype and phenotype is a fundamental biomedical challenge that underlies more effective target discovery and patient-tailored therapy. Approaches that can flexibly and intuitively, integrate known gene-phenotype associations in the context of molecular signaling networks are vital to effectively prioritize and biologically interpret genes underlying disease traits of interest.

Results: We describe Phenotype Consensus Analysis (PCAN); a method to assess the consensus semantic similarity of phenotypes in a candidate gene's signaling neighborhood.

Differential expression of miR-184 in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with and without hippocampal sclerosis - Influence on microglial function.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures due to neuronal hyperexcitability. Here we compared miRNA expression patterns in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with and without hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE + HS and mTLE -HS) to investigate the regulatory mechanisms differentiating both patient groups. Whole genome miRNA sequencing in surgically resected hippocampi did not reveal obvious differences in expression profiles between the two groups of patients.

Strain in a silicon-on-insulator nanostructure revealed by 3D x-ray Bragg ptychography.

Progresses in the design of well-defined electronic band structure and dedicated functionalities rely on the high control of complex architectural device nano-scaled structures. This includes the challenging accurate description of strain fields in crystalline structures, which requires non invasive and three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods. Here, we demonstrate in details how x-ray Bragg ptychography can be used to quantify in 3D a displacement field in a lithographically patterned silicon-on-insulator structure.

Pathway analysis from lists of microRNAs: common pitfalls and alternative strategy.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. As such, monitoring miRNA expression has been increasingly used to assess their role in regulatory mechanisms of biological processes. In large scale studies, once miRNAs of interest have been identified, the target genes they regulate are often inferred using algorithms or databases.

Different microRNA profiles in chronic epilepsy versus acute seizure mouse models.

Epilepsy affects around 50 million people worldwide, and in about 65% of patients, the etiology of disease is unknown. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that have been suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Here, we compared microRNA expression patterns in the hippocampus using two chronic models of epilepsy characterised by recurrent spontaneous seizures (pilocarpine and self-sustained status epilepticus (SSSE)) and an acute 6-Hz seizure model.

Noise models for low counting rate coherent diffraction imaging.

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) is a lens-less microscopy method that extracts the complex-valued exit field from intensity measurements alone. It is of particular importance for microscopy imaging with diffraction set-ups where high quality lenses are not available. The inversion scheme allowing the phase retrieval is based on the use of an iterative algorithm.

Adherence in severe asthma.

Adherence in asthma is an important cause for concern. Although nearly 50% of asthma patients are considered poorly adherent to therapeutic advices, adherence is still difficult to assess, understand and improve despite major medical consequences. In this review, we revisited the literature of the last 10 years related to adherence in severe asthma.

[Early detection of COPD in primary care: which tools?].

Introduction: The early diagnosis of COPD in general practice is not satisfactory.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of different diagnostic tools (Piko-6, Software) in general practice (GP).

Methods: A multicentre, randomised, controlled study in GP assessing the effect of the tested strategies on the rate of referrals for spirometry and the rate of detection of airflow obstruction.