Phase analysis for focus plane detection in digital inline holography: application to three-dimensional locations of drops and threads in a beads-on-a-string structure.

Three-dimensional (3D) phase maps are used in a digital inline holography system to measure the coordinates of tiny particles. The phase signature, previously applied to spherical particles by Yang et al. [Opt.

Three-dimensional velocity near-wall measurements by digital in-line holography: calibration and results.

Velocity measurements in the vicinity of an obstacle remain very complicated even when optical diagnostics based on displacement of micrometric tracers are considered. In the present paper, digital in-line holography with a divergent beam is proposed to measure the three-dimensional (3D) velocity vector fields in a turbulent boundary layer and, in particular, on the near wall region of a wind tunnel. The seeding droplets (1-5 μm) transported by a turbulent airflow are illuminated by a couple of laser pulses coming from a fiber coupled laser diode.

Calibration of carbonate composition using micro-Raman analysis: application to planetary surface exploration.

Stromatolite structures in Early Archean carbonate deposits form an important clue for the existence of life in the earliest part of Earth's history. Since Mars is thought to have had similar environmental conditions early in its history, the question arises as to whether such stromatolite structures also evolved there. Here, we explore the capability of Raman spectroscopy to make semiquantitative estimates of solid solutions in the Ca-Mg-Fe(+Mn) carbonate system, and we assess its use as a rover-based technique for stromatolite characterization during future Mars missions.

UV and VIS Raman spectra of natural lonsdaleites: towards a recognised standard.

A UV laser has now been used to measure the Raman spectrum of lonsdaleite. This mineral species is a little-known hexagonal form of carbon having no known P-T field of stability. Lonsdaleite is known to coexist with diamond and/or graphite in certain impact structures and meteorites.

[Following 90 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome with antibody titers and correlations with clinical manifestations: symptoms of the disease, a new antibody and correlations with clinical manifestations in the Israeli population].

Unlabelled: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) with venous or arterial thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss or thrombocytopenia. The syndrome can be either primary or secondary to an underlying condition, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of the study was to review the manifestations of the APS in Israeli patients and to investigate the difference between patients with primary or secondary syndrome.

Rational design of point mutation-selective antisense DNA targeted to codon 12 of Ha-ras mRNA in human cells.

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to Ha-ras mRNA have been designed to discriminate between the codon 12-mutated oncogene and the normal proto-oncogene. An in vitro assay using two different sources of RNase H (rabbit reticulocyte lysates and nuclear extract from HeLa cells) was used to characterize oligonucleotide binding to normal and mutated Ha-ras mRNA. Short oligonucleotides (12- or 13mers) centered on the mutation had a very high discriminatory efficiency.

Antisense effects of cholesterol-oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates associated with poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.

Oligonucleotides covalently attached to a cholesteryl moiety are more stable in biological media and better taken up by eukaryotic cells. However, their anchoring in hydrophobic cellular membranes and endosomes after endocytosis restricts their access to cellular nucleic acids. New methods of cellular delivery and the biological activity of the conjugates were studied.

Photochemically and chemically activatable antisense oligonucleotides: comparison of their reactivities towards DNA and RNA targets.

Dodecadeoxyribonucleotides derivatized with 1,10-phenanthroline or psoralen were targeted to the point mutation (G<-->U) in codon 12 of the Ha-ras mRNA. DNA and RNA fragments, 27 nucleotides in length, and containing the complementary sequence of the 12mers, were used to compare the reactivity of the activatable dodecamers (cleavage of the target by the phenanthroline-12mer conjugates; photo-induced cross-linking of psoralen-12mer conjugates to the target). The reactivity of the RNA with the dodecamers was weaker than that of the DNA target.

Hybridization specificity, enzymatic activity and biological (Ha-ras) activity of oligonucleotides containing 2,4-dideoxy-beta-D-erythro-hexopyranosyl nucleosides.

Antisense oligonucleotides with a 2,4-dideoxyhexopyranosyl nucleoside incorporated at the 3'-end and at a mutation site of the Ha-ras oncogene mRNA were synthesized. Melting temperature studies revealed that an A*-G mismatch is more stable than an A*-T mismatch with these hexopyranosyl nucleosides incorporated at the mutation site. The oligonucleotides are stable against enzymatic degradation.

[Vitelliform dystrophy: study of 2 familial forms].

The authors present seven cases of vitelliform macular dystrophy in two families. The cases comparison leads to oppose two different types: the classical type and the adult type with similar ophthalmoscopical and angiographical aspects but different genetical expressivity, evolution, and above all, different electrophysiological answer.