Gull-inspired joint-driven wing morphing allows adaptive longitudinal flight control.

Birds dynamically adapt to disparate flight behaviours and unpredictable environments by actively manipulating their skeletal joints to change their wing shape. This in-flight adaptability has inspired many unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wings, which predominately morph within a single geometric plane. By contrast, avian joint-driven wing morphing produces a diverse set of non-planar wing shapes.

Sound power of vibrating cylinders using the radiation resistance matrix and a laser vibrometer.

Research has shown that using acoustic radiation modes combined with surface velocity measurements provide an accurate method of measuring the radiated sound power from vibrating plates. This paper investigates the extension of this method to acoustically radiating cylindrical structures. The mathematical formulations of the radiation resistance matrix and the accompanying acoustic radiation modes of a baffled cylinder are developed.

Extending the bandwidth of an acoustic beamforming array using phase unwrapping and array interpolation.

A method is presented to suppress grating lobes in beamforming using phase unwrapping and array interpolation. When the phase of each cross spectrum is successfully unwrapped, the magnitude and phase of the cross spectral matrix may be interpolated; for cases where these quantities vary smoothly, interpolation is straightforward, even above the spatial Nyquist frequency. Two applications are presented: localization of a broadband source and characterization of a source with frequency-dependent location.

Enhanced permeation of polar compounds through human epidermis. I. Permeability and membrane structural changes in the presence of short chain alcohols.

The influence of alcohol chain length on polar compound permeation in human skin was investigated to further understand alcohol-enhanced permeation mechanisms. Both thermodynamic and kinetic variables associated with the enhanced permeation of mannitol were ascertained in the presence of high concentrations of short chain alcohols. Permeation of mannitol through human epidermis in the presence of 75% (v/v) alcohol-saline mixtures was determined in symmetric, side-by-side diffusion cells at 32 degrees C.

Enhanced permeation and stratum corneum structural alterations in the presence of dithiothreitol.

Stratum corneum protein biochemical and biophysical structural contributions to the barrier properties of human epidermis were determined in the presence of the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Mannitol and sucrose permeation through human epidermis in the presence of 0 to 50 mM DTT in PBS (pH 7.4) was measured in symmetric, side-by-side diffusion cells (32 degrees C).

Percutaneous absorption enhancement of an ionic molecule by ethanol-water systems in human skin.

Ethanol-water systems enhance permeation of ionic solutes through human stratum corneum. Optimum enhancement of salicylate ion permeation has been observed with ethanol volume fractions near 0.63.