Clinical impact of hypomagnesemia induced by necitumumab plus cisplatin and gemcitabine treatment in patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma: a subanalysis of the NINJA study.

Background: The clinical impact of hypomagnesemia induced by necitumumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (GCN) as a second-line or later therapy is unclear.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival impact of hypomagnesemia induced by this therapy.

Design: This was a sub-analysis of the retrospective multicenter NINJA study.

YAP regulates HER3 signaling-driven adaptive resistance to RET inhibitors in RET-aberrant cancer.

Purpose: Rearranged during transfection (RET) aberrations represent a targetable oncogene in several tumor types, with RET inhibitors displaying marked efficacy. However, some patients with RET-aberrant cancer are insensitive to RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, drug-tolerant mechanisms have attracted attention as targets for initial therapies to overcome drug resistance.

The effectiveness of reduction in alcohol consumption achieved by the provision of non-alcoholic beverages associates with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is commonly used in clinical settings to assess the severity of alcohol-related problems, with the effectiveness of alcohol reduction interventions varying across this spectrum. In a recent study, we demonstrated that a 12-week intervention involving the provision of free non-alcoholic beverages reduced alcohol consumption among heavy drinkers for up to 8 weeks post-intervention. However, it remains unclear whether this effect was consistent across different AUDIT score ranges.

Real-World Outcomes of Subsequent Chemotherapy after Progression Following Chemoradiation and Consolidative Durvalumab Therapy in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the CRIMSON Study (HOPE-005).

Background: The optimal subsequent treatment strategy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and consolidative durvalumab therapy remains unknown. We aimed to determine the optimal subsequent treatment strategy for this clinical population.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 523 consecutive patients with LA-NSCLC treated with CRT and analyzed the treatment outcomes of subsequent therapy after progression following CRT and consolidative durvalumab therapy.

Effect of a workplace-based learning program on clerkship students' behaviors and attitudes toward evidence-based medicine practice.

In clinical clerkship (CC), medical students can practice evidence-based medicine (EBM) with their assigned patients. Although CC can be a valuable opportunity for EBM education, the impact of EBM training, including long-term behavioral changes, remains unclear. One hundred and nine fourth- and fifth-year medical students undergoing CC at a medical school in Japan attended a workplace-based learning program for EBM during CC (WB-EBM), which included the practice of the five steps of EBM.

Effectiveness of genetic feedback on alcohol metabolism to reduce alcohol consumption in young adults: an open-label randomized controlled trial.

Background: It is unclear whether brief interventions using the combined classification of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) together with behavioral changes in alcohol use can reduce excessive alcohol consumption. This study aimed to examine the effects of a brief intervention based on the screening of ALDH2 and ADH1B gene polymorphisms on alcohol consumption in Japanese young adults.

Methods: In this open-label randomized controlled trial, we enrolled adults aged 20-30 years who had excessive drinking behavior (average amount of alcohol consumed: men, ≥  4 drinks/per day and women, ≥  2 drinks/per day; 1 drink = 10 g of pure alcohol equivalent).

Gender differences in changes in alcohol consumption achieved by free provision of non-alcoholic beverages: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: We recently demonstrated that a 12-week intervention consisting of the provision of free non-alcoholic beverages reduced alcohol consumption in excessive drinkers for 8 weeks after the intervention. However, gender differences in this effect were not explored. Thus, this secondary analysis investigated gender differences in the influence of non-alcoholic beverage provision on alcohol consumption.

Effect of provision of non-alcoholic beverages on alcohol consumption: a randomized controlled study.

Background: The use of alcohol-flavored beverages not containing alcohol (hereinafter referred to as non-alcoholic beverages) is recommended to reduce alcohol consumption. However, it is unclear if this reduces excessive drinking.

Objective: To verify whether non-alcoholic beverages impact the alcohol consumption of excessive drinkers.

Diagnostic imaging of intrathoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis.

Although intrathoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is rare, its nodular lesions should be differentiated from malignancy. In-bone marrow scintigraphy can be useful for the non-invasive diagnosis of intrathoracic EMH because extramedullary accumulation of In can be determined as EMH.

Novel anti-reflux biliary metal stent with a distal tapered end for distal malignant biliary obstruction: a feasibility study.

We developed a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) with a distal tapered end to reproduce the physiological bile flow with a pressure gradient due to the difference in the diameter. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the newly developed distal tapered covered metal stent (TMS) for distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO). This single-center, prospective, single-arm study was conducted in patients with DMBO.

Outcomes of Chemoimmunotherapy Among Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer According to Potential Clinical Trial Eligibility.

Importance: Chemoimmunotherapy is the standard first-line therapy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, whether findings from pivotal trials can be extrapolated to the clinical practice setting remains unclear.

Objective: To compare treatment outcome gaps following first-line chemoimmunotherapy for patients with ES-SCLC between those who met and did not meet the eligibility criteria used in previous clinical trials.

Significance of active screening for detection of health problems in childhood cancer survivors.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) have a lifelong increased risk of chronic health problems, most of which are associated with the curative therapies. Recent studies have suggested that prospective active screening using comprehensive assessments for CCSs is superior in identifying undiagnosed chronic health problems.

Methods: To assess the significance of active screening using comprehensive medical examinations for detecting chronic health problems in multiple organ systems in CCSs, we retrospectively compared the frequency and severity of health problems between two different cohorts of CCSs in a single institution: 110 CCSs who visited the outpatient clinic for regular follow-ups between December 2010 and December 2015 (regular follow-up group) vs.

Histologic transformation in lung cancer: when one door shuts, another opens.

Histologic transformation (HT) is a major cause of drug resistance to therapy in patients with lung cancer. HTs to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have been reported frequently in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ()-mutated lung cancer. Although HTs have an impact on the clinical outcomes in patients owing to a high refractoriness to treatments, there is limited data on the prevalence, causes, mechanisms, treatment efficacy, and future treatment strategies.

Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor With or Without Chemotherapy for Nonsquamous NSCLC With Malignant Pleural Effusion: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Introduction: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is associated with poor treatment outcome in patients with NSCLC receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs and chemotherapy (ICI/Chemo) combination therapy is currently the standard therapy for NSCLC, and some ICI/Chemo regimens for nonsquamous (non-Sq) NSCLC contain bevacizumab (BEV), which is effective for controlling MPE and may enhance immune response. This study aimed to determine the optimal first-line treatment for this clinical population.

COVID-19 infection control education for medical students undergoing clinical clerkship: a mixed-method approach.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has induced an urgent need to train medical students not only in infection prevention control but also in the treatment of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. This study evaluates the impact of simulated clinical practice with peer role-plays and a lecture on clinical education for COVID-19.

Methods: The sample for the study included 82 fourth- and fifth-year medical students undergoing clinical clerkship in respiratory medicine.