Improving interprofessional collaboration: building confidence using a novel HIV curriculum for healthcare workers across sub-Saharan africa.

The 21st century presents significant global health challenges that necessitate an integrated health workforce capable of delivering person-centered and integrated healthcare services. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) plays a vital role in achieving integration and training an IPC-capable workforce in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has become imperative. This study aims to assess changes in IPC confidence among learners participating in a team-based, case-based HIV training programme across diverse settings in SSA.

Performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged health systems globally. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits for COVID-19 have been widely used in Nigeria.

Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among livestock merchants and slaughterhouse workers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Most studies on viral infections among livestock handlers have focused on occupational exposure from inadvertent contact with infected animals. Consequently, little emphasis is given to the effect of their lifestyle on the acquisition of other blood-borne viruses.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and assess risk factors for HIV, HBV and HCV infections among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in three geo-political zones of Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: sequel to the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its subsequent spread to all continents of the world, humans have continued to experience severe devastation to their health and economies. To control the spread of this virus, it is important to detect the infection in recently infected and asymptomatic individuals who are capable of infecting others. This study was designed to detect ongoing SARS-CoV-2 Infection among asymptomatic individuals in open markets across three geopolitical zones in Nigeria.

Oral human papilloma virus infection among dental clinic attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and mouth or throat warts. However, there is currently limited information about oral HPV infections in Nigeria.

Objective: This study aimed to provide information on the occurrence and circulating genotypes of HPV among patients attending three (one government and two private) dental clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Challenges of caregivers and needs of children with parents in a Nigerian prison.

Background: Separation of a parent from the family as a result of incarceration has both short-term and long-term effects on the family, even after release from prison. This study is a report of factors and challenges of the family left to adapt to the changed circumstances of separation from parent(s) who are incarcerated.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out on 89 caregivers of children whose parents are incarcerated at the Agodi prison, Ibadan who gave informed and written consent to interview their families.

Haematological Changes Associated with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Individuals with and without Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection, a major public health problem that primarily affects the liver, may cause reduction in the levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit and in the extreme, could cause aplastic anaemia. The haematological characteristics could be detected with a complete blood count which could provide invaluable information for diagnosis and management of the disease.

Aim: To determine the effect of HBV infection on the blood count of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and apparently normal healthy (Non-SCD).

Virological investigation of fatal rabies in a minor bitten by a mongrel in Nigeria.

Rabies is a deadly viral disease transmitted through bites of infected animals. Outbreaks continue to escalate in Africa, with fatalities in humans, especially in rural areas, but are rarely reported. About 40% casualties occur among children of < 15 years.

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus from domestic dogs in Nigeria: Introduction and spread of a CPV-2c mutant and replacement of older CPV-2a by the "new CPV-2a" strain.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a contagious and highly pathogenic virus of dogs. After its first report in 1978, the CPV original type (CPV-2) was rapidly and totally replaced by three antigenic variants named CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c that circulate in various countries at different frequencies and recently reported in Nigeria. This study describes the molecular characterization of 28 CPV strains in dogs presenting with gastroenteritis in veterinary clinics at Lagos and Ibadan, Nigeria.

New infections and HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria.

Purpose: There were approximately 37.9 million persons infected with HIV in 2018 globally, resulting in 770,000 deaths annually. Over 50% of this infection and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, with countries like Nigeria being seriously affected.

Non-synonymous Substitutions in HIV-1 GAG Are Frequent in Epitopes Outside the Functionally Conserved Regions and Associated With Subtype Differences.

In 2019, 38 million people lived with HIV-1 infection resulting in 690,000 deaths. Over 50% of this infection and its associated deaths occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa. The West African region is a known hotspot of the HIV-1 epidemic.

Phylogeny of partial , and genes show predominance of HIV-1G and CRF02_AG with emerging recombinants in south-eastern Nigeria.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus is characterized by high degree of genetic diversity with marked differences in its geographic distribution even within a country. This study was designed to identify the strains of HIV-1 circulating among infected individuals in southeastern parts of Nigeria. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of 30 HIV-1 infected individuals from Anambra, Delta and Imo states of southeastern Nigeria.

Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine in drug-resistant and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Nigeria is one of the countries with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. TB associated inflammation is reported to be central to progression from latent TB to active TB or drug sensitive TB (DSTB) to drug resistant TB (DRTB). Inflammatory cytokines, especially interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), act synergistically in the control of TB infection.

Polymorphisms and drug resistance analysis of HIV-1 isolates from patients on first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South-eastern Nigeria.

Acquisition of resistance mutations by HIV-1 isolates causes treatment failure among infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study determined patterns of drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) among HIV-1 isolates from patients receiving first-line ART in South-eastern Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from HIV-1 infected patients accessing antiretroviral treatment centers at General Hospital Awo-Omamma, Imo state, State Hospital Asaba, Delta state and St Joseph's Catholic Hospital Adazi, Anambra state and used for HIV-1 DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Early HIV infection is associated with reduced proportions of gamma delta T subsets as well as high creatinine and urea levels.

Renal dysfunctions are major predictors of co-morbidities and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Unconventional T cells have been shown to regulate kidney functions. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of HIV-associated nephropathies on γδ and DN T cells.

Complete genome sequencing of H1N1pdm09 swine influenza isolates from Nigeria reveals likely reverse zoonotic transmission at the human-animal interface in intensive piggery.

Prevailing agro-ecological conditions and intermingling of human and animals in intensive farms in urban and peri-urban areas in Africa favour cross species transmission of pathogens at the human-animal interface. However, molecular epidemiology studies of zoonotic swine influenza viruses in this region are limited. In this study, isolates of pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm09) obtained from pigs in Nigeria were fully sequenced.

Correction: Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus among HIV/ HCV co-infected patients in Nigeria.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Molecular characterisation of genital human papillomavirus among women in Southwestern, Nigeria.

Background: Persistent infections with high-risk genital Human papillomavirus (HPV) especially types 16 and 18, are associated with cervical cancer. However, distribution of HPV types varies greatly across geographical regions and the available vaccines target only few types. This study was designed to determine the HPV types circulating in Southwestern Nigeria, thereby providing necessary information for effective control of the virus.

Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever virus infection in slaughtered ruminants in Nigeria.

The risk of exposure of slaughterhouse workers to Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus-infected animals in Nigeria was assessed by determining the prevalence of anti-RVF IgM in cattle, goats and sheep slaughtered in a major abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 290 animals in Bodija Municipal abattoir, Ibadan, Nigeria in January and February 2017 and analyzed for the presence of RVF virus using IgM Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of the virus RNA. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data.

Virus genes and host correlates of pathology are markedly reduced during respiratory syncytial and influenza virus co-infection in BALB/c mice.

Globally, influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remain very high. There is also a high burden of IAV and RSV co-infection in developing countries. To develop universally protective vaccines against these infections, it is imperative that viral genes and immune correlates of pathology are elucidated.

Rift valley fever virus infection among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Livestock handlers are occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent and longer contact with mosquito vectors, animal blood and other tissues. We determined the seroprevalence of RVF virus infection among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 265 workers in two major livestock markets and a livestock farm.

Prevalence and Genotypes of Parvovirus B19 Among HIV Positive Children in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a global infection with over 50% of infected children residing in sub-Saharan Africa. It causes persistent anaemia under immuno-compromised states such as HIV infection, thereby complicating the course of HIV infection. This study was therefore designed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of B19V among HIV positive children.

Occult HBV Infection in Nigeria.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is manifested by presence of HBV-DNA in the absence of detectable Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with or without anti-HBV antibodies. Hence it is a potential threat in blood transfusion medicine. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of OBI as well as evaluate the effectiveness of using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) marker alone in the diagnosis of HBV infection among HBsAg negative blood donors in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subtypes A and B Infection Among Children Attending Primary and Secondary Health Care Facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes high morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Although a high prevalence of HRSV has been reported in Nigeria, the subtype of the virus circulating in the country is not known. This crosssectional study was therefore designed to determine the subtypes of HRSV circulating among children in Ibadan.