The definition of ideal training of a urology resident from two different perspectives: trainees vs professors. Is there agreement in their idea of good training?

Introduction: At the end of their residency program, urology trainees should reach the minimum skills required to be able to work by themselves and within a team. To achieve this objective, it is fundamental that the training involves not only surgical activities, but also theoretical, academic, and relational ones. What is the perfect balance between these activities within the ideal urological training? This study aims to evaluate the concordance in different concepts of good urological training between different perspectives (trainees vs professors).

Outcomes of radical cystectomy in pT4 bladder cancer frail patients: Α high-volume single center study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of frailty in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for locally advanced bladder cancer.

Methods: In this retrospective, single center study we evaluated 51 patients with pT4 bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between 2016-2020. Patient frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).

Expression of proto-oncogene c-Myc in patients with urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Background: c-Myc is a proto-oncogene located on human chromosome 8. It encodes a transcriptional factor which regulates the expression of approximately 10% to 15% of human genes, playing a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and cell transformation. The aim of this study is to correlate the expression of c-Myc in patients suffering from urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma with tumor grade, stage, and lymph node metastases.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumour of the kidney: a rare cause of resistant hypertension.

Summary: Juxtaglomerular cell tumour (JGCT) is an unusually encountered clinical entity. A 33-year-old man with severe long-standing hypertension and hypokalaemia is described. The patient also suffered from polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia and severe headaches.

Relugolix: A new kid on the block among gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists.

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the cornerstone of metastatic prostate cancer treatment. ADT can be achieved through surgical castration, or it may be induced either by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or GnRH antagonists. GnRH antagonists provide a more rapid castration alongside with a safer profile regarding adverse events.

Association of metabolic syndrome with prostate cancer diagnosis and aggressiveness in patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy.

Introduction And Objective: Even though the only established risk factors for prostate cancer (PCa) are age, ethnic origin and family history, there are data suggesting that environmental factors, such as the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), may also play a role in the etiology of the disease. The aim of this study is to correlate MetS with PCa diagnosis and Gleason score (GS) in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective, single-center study including 378 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy in our department during the years from 2018 to 2019.

Novel treatments in BCG failure. Where do we stand today?

Most patients at first diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC) present with non muscle invasive disease (NMIBC). BCG intravesical therapy after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor is the gold standard in intermediate and high risk NMIBC patients. However, it is estimated that approximately 50% of these patients will present with BCG failure which increases their risk for progression to muscle invasive disease.

Conservative management of grade 4 and 5 renal injuries: A high-volume trauma center experience.

Introduction: Traumatic renal injuries represent a major public health issue concerning mostly young men. Over the last decades there is growing debate regarding the management of high-grade renal injuries due to the emerging role of conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to present our experience in the conservative management of patients presenting with grade 4 or grade 5 renal injuries in our department.

Incidental prostate cancer in patients who underwent radical cystectomy for high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer: Is it clinically significant?

Introduction And Objective: Non muscle invasive, high-risk, bladder cancer is an entity which is usually treated with radical cystectomy. Incidental prostate cancer refers to prostate cancer detected in radical cystectomy specimens in patients with no signs of the disease. Objective of this study is to report the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical significance of incidental prostate cancer in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy in our department.

Fragility index of urological literature regarding medical expulsive treatment.

Introduction: The role of medical expulsive treatment (MET) is controversial. Fragility index is an additional metric to assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) outcome validity and indicates how many patients would be required to convert a trial from being statistically significant, to not significant. The larger is the FI, the better the trial's data.

Clinical impact of combined PTEN and ERG rearrangements in localized prostate cancer.

To the Editor, Prostate cancer (PCa) is nowadays the second most common malignancy diagnosed among men and is responsible for one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Clinically localized disease may present with a wide variety of clinical behavior including tumors of low clinical significance as well as highly aggressive ones. Among patients treated with either radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy there is a risk of biochemical failure (BF).

Oncological cases and complications in Urology.

This collection of cases describes some unusual urological tumors and complications related to urological tumors and their treatment. Case 1: A case of left hydronephrosis referred four years after a right radical mastectomy for lobular breast carcinoma was described. Computed tomography scan revealed a left hydronephrosis with dilated ureter up to the proximal third.

Oncology and complications.

This collection of cases describes some unusual urological tumors and complications related to urological tumors and their treatment. Case 1: A case of uretero-arterial fistula in a patient with long-term ureteral stenting for ureteral oncological stricture and a second case associated to retroperitoneal fibrosis were described. Abdominal CT, pyelography, cystoscopy were useful to show the origin of the bleeding.

Collision kidney tumor with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary type 1 renal cell carcinoma. A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: The most common renal neoplasms include clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. The simultaneous occurrence of different histological types of adjacent neoplasms in the same organ is known as a collision tumor. Collision kidney tumors have already been described but only in rare cases.

"Lock-down'' for COVID-19 has ''locked up'' Urological emergencies in Greece.

Over the last couple of months physicians world wide are struggling to prevent the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread all over the world. It has become obvious that our health care systems should under go modifications in order to successfully confront similar pandemics, since this is considered the ''century of pandemics'', due to the high incidence of new virus attacks with expressly high virulence (Hong Kong flu in 1968, AIDS, SARS in 2002, H1N1 pandemic in 2009, MERS in 2012 and COVID-19 in 2020) (1).

Does radical prostatectomy result in lower urinary tract symptom improvement in high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer? A Single-center experience.

Purpose: Radical prostatectomy represents the most popular method of prostate cancer treatment, including cases with high-risk and locally advanced cancer. Besides, men with this disease often experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and report high International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), pathological post-void residual (PVR) urine volumes and low levels of maximum urinary flow rates (Qmax). In this study we assessed the effect of radical prostatectomy on the above parameters in patients with high-risk and locally advanced disease.

[Plasmacytoid variant of urothelial bladder cancer. A single center experience.].

Introduction: Bladder Cancer (BC) is11th most common malignancy. In terms of pathology, the vast majority of patients suffer from transitional cell carcinoma. Apart from this common type of BC, there are many morphological subtypes with different oncological characteristics.