The influence of inactivated entomopathogenic bacterium on the immune responses of the Colorado potato beetle.

Background: Invasion of microorganisms into the gut of insects triggers a cascade of immune reactions accompanied by increased synthesis of effectors (such as antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and amino acids), leading to changes in the physiological state of the host. We hypothesized that even an inactivated bacterium can induce an immune response in an insect. The aim of this study was to compare the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and of the response of detoxification and antioxidant systems in a Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval model in the first hours after invasion by either an inactivated or live bacterium.

The venom of Habrobracon hebetor induces alterations in host metabolism.

The ability of parasitic wasps to manipulate a host's metabolism is under active investigation. Components of venom play a major role in this process. In the present work, we studied the effect of the venom of the ectoparasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor on the metabolism of the greater wax moth host (Galleria mellonella).

The Impact of Long-Term Hypoxia on the Antioxidant Defense System in the Siberian Frog Rana amurensis.

The Siberian frog Rana amurensis has a uniquely high tolerance to hypoxia among amphibians, as it is able to withstand several months underwater with almost no oxygen (0.2 mg/liter) vs. several days for other studied species.

A Diet with Amikacin Changes the Bacteriobiome and the Physiological State of and Causes Its Resistance to .

Environmental pollution with antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance in microorganisms, including the intestinal microbiota of various insects. The effects of low-dose aminoglycoside antibiotic (amikacin) on the resident gut microbiota of , its digestion, its physiological parameters, and the resistance of this species to bacteria were investigated. Here, 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the number of non-dominant bacteria in the eighteenth generation of the wax moth treated with amikacin was increased 73 fold compared to , the dominant bacteria in the native line of the wax moth.

The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia (Rickettsiales) alters larval metabolism of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Infection of intestinal tissues with Wolbachia has been found in Habrobracon hebetor. There are not many studies on the relationship between Habrobracon and Wolbachia, and they focus predominantly on the sex index of an infected parasitoid, its fertility, and behavior. The actual role of Wolbachia in the biology of Habrobracon is not yet clear.

Effects of passages through an insect or a plant on virulence and physiological properties of the fungus .

Species of the genus are characterized by a multitrophic lifestyle of being arthropod parasites, rhizosphere colonizers, endophytes, and saprophytes. The process of adaptation to various organisms and substrates may lead to specific physiological alterations that can be elucidated by passaging through different hosts. Changes in virulence and cultivation properties of entomopathogenic fungi subcultured on different media or passaged through a live insect host are well known.

Special Issue on "Entomopathogenic Fungi: Ecology, Evolution, Adaptation": An Editorial.

Entomopathogenic endophytic ascomycetes are the most widespread and commercially promising fungi and are used to solve many problems in basic and applied research in ecology, evolution, and agricultural sciences [...

Links between Soil Bacteriobiomes and Fungistasis toward Fungi Infecting the Colorado Potato Beetle.

Entomopathogenic fungi can be inhibited by different soil microorganisms, but the effect of a soil microbiota on fungal growth, survival, and infectivity toward insects is insufficiently understood. We investigated the level of fungistasis toward and in soils of conventional potato fields and kitchen potato gardens. Agar diffusion methods, 16S rDNA metabarcoding, bacterial DNA quantification, and assays of survival in soils inoculated with fungal conidia were used.

Expression of Immunity- and Stress-Related Genes during an Intermolt Period in the Colorado Potato Beetle.

Different developmental stages of insects may be dissimilar in immunity functioning. Additionally, the stages often inhabit diverse environments with specific microbial communities. In the Colorado potato beetle, a strong increase in resistance to entomopathogenic fungi is observed during the intermolt period of last-instar larvae, but mechanisms of this change are insufficiently understood.

Wild Animal Migration As a Potential Threat of Introduction of New Viruses into Russia.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown how serious the problem of re-emerging zoonotic infections is for our existence. Migrations of animals, which are natural reservoirs of a particular virus, play a colossal role in the spread of pathogens to new territories. Examples are the migrations of both land animals (carnivores, rodents, and ungulates) and many marine mammals (pinnipeds and cetaceans).

Citrobacter freundii, a natural associate of the Colorado potato beetle, increases larval susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis.

Background: We assume that certain representatives of gut microflora mediate immune changes during dysbiosis, accelerating septicemia caused by Bacillus thuringiensis.

Results: Co-introduction of Citrobacter freundii with Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (morrisoni) (Bt) led to an increase in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval mortality to 69.

Effect of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana on the Development of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Diseases in the Field Conditions.

Several ascomycetous entomopathogenic fungi, including species in the genera Beauveria, are plant symbionts/endophytes and are termed as endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi. It was shown that the fungus Beauveria bassiana (BBK-1 strain) successfully colonized Vicia faba bean plants in laboratory and field conditions of Western Siberia. The B.

Can Potato Plants Be Colonized with the Fungi and under Their Natural Load in Agrosystems?

and fungi are facultative plant endophytes that provide plant growth-stimulating, immunomodulatory, and other beneficial effects. However, little is known about the level of plant colonization by these fungi under natural conditions. We assessed the endophytic colonization of potatoes () with entomopathogenic fungi at their natural load in soils (10-10 colony-forming units per g).

Identification of the Ricin-B-Lectin LdRBLk in the Colorado Potato Beetle and an Analysis of Its Expression in Response to Fungal Infections.

Ricin-B-lectins (RBLs) have been identified in many groups of organisms, including coleopterans insects, particularly the Colorado potato beetle (LdRBLs). We hypothesized that one of these LdRBLs (LdRBLk) may be involved in the immune response to fungal infections. We performed a theoretical analysis of the structure of this protein.

Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis and avermectins on gut physiology and microbiota in Colorado potato beetle: Impact of enterobacteria on susceptibility to insecticides.

Gut physiology and the bacterial community play crucial roles in insect susceptibility to infections and insecticides. Interactions among Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), its bacterial associates, pathogens and xenobiotics have been insufficiently studied. In this paper, we present our study of the survival, midgut histopathology, activity of digestive enzymes and bacterial communities of L.

Fungus Metarhizium robertsii and neurotoxic insecticide affect gut immunity and microbiota in Colorado potato beetles.

Fungal infections and toxicoses caused by insecticides may alter microbial communities and immune responses in the insect gut. We investigated the effects of Metarhizium robertsii fungus and avermectins on the midgut physiology of Colorado potato beetle larvae. We analyzed changes in the bacterial community, immunity- and stress-related gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and detoxification enzyme activity in response to topical infection with the M.

Analysis of Anopheles messeae s.l. intron gene polymorphism associated with imidacloprid resistance.

Due to their high solubility and stability, neonicotinoid insecticides are able to accumulate in water bodies, affecting aquatic organisms. The aims of this study were to evaluate resistance (LC ) of Anopheles messeae s.l.

Toxic Effects of Fine Plant Powder Impregnated With Avermectins on Mosquito Larvae and Nontarget Aquatic Invertebrates.

The toxic effects of an avermectin-impregnated fine plant powder (AIFP) against larval Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex modestus Ficalbi (Diptera: Culicidae), and Anopheles messeae Falleroni (Diptera: Culicidae), as well as selected nontarget aquatic invertebrates, were studied under laboratory conditions. The possibility of trophic transfer of avermectins (AVMs) through the food chain and their toxic effects on predaceous species fed AIFP-treated mosquito larvae was also evaluated.

Galleria mellonella larvae fat body disruption (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) caused by the venom of Habrobracon brevicornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

The ability of Habrobracon brevicornis venom to elevate the nutritional suitability of a host by affecting the host larvae fat body condition was studied. To understand whether H. brevicornis crude venom impacts the host biochemical profile, the concentrations of total lipids and main sugars in the host larvae lymph were analyzed.

Entomopathogenic fungi decrease disease in potato in field conditions.

potato disease is widespread in the world and causes substantial yield and quality losses in potato. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi and in the inhibition of potato complex disease. The efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi and in the defense of potato against disease (stem cancer, black scrulf and other forms of manifestation on tubers) was estimated under field conditions in Western Siberia.

Interplay between Fungal Infection and Bacterial Associates in the Wax Moth under Different Temperature Conditions.

Various insect bacterial associates are involved in pathogeneses caused by entomopathogenic fungi. The outcome of infection (fungal growth or decomposition) may depend on environmental factors such as temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bacterial communities and immune response of larvae injected with and incubated at 15 °C and 25 °C.

A Neurotoxic Insecticide Promotes Fungal Infection in Aedes aegypti Larvae by Altering the Bacterial Community.

Symbiotic bacteria have a significant impact on the formation of defensive mechanisms against fungal pathogens and insecticides. The microbiome of the mosquito Aedes aegypti has been well studied; however, there are no data on the influence of insecticides and pathogenic fungi on its structure. The fungus Metarhizium robertsii and a neurotoxic insecticide (avermectin complex) interact synergistically, and the colonization of larvae with hyphal bodies is observed after fungal and combined (conidia + avermectins) treatments.

Comparative analysis of the immune response of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after infection with the fungi Cordyceps militaris and Metarhizium robertsii.

Entomopathogenic fungi form different strategies of interaction with their insect hosts. The influence of fungal infection on insect physiology has mainly been studied for generalists (Metarhizium, Beauveria), but studies of specialized teleomorphic species, such as Cordyceps militaris, are rare. We conducted a comparative analysis of the immune reactions of the wax moth Galleria mellonella after injection with blastospores of C.

Genetic diversity and geographical distribution of the Siberian subtype of the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is currently subdivided into three main subtypes-the European (TBEV-Eu), the Far-Eastern (TBEV-FE), and the Siberian (TBEV-Sib). The TBEV-Sib is the most common subtype and found in all regions where TBEV was detected, except for Central and Western Europe. Currently, four genetic lineages have been described within TBEV-Sib.