Sleep-stage dependence and co-existence of cardio-respiratory coordination and phase synchronization.

Interactions between the cardiac and respiratory systems play a pivotal role in physiological functioning. Nonetheless, the intricacies of cardio-respiratory couplings, such as cardio-respiratory phase synchronization (CRPS) and cardio-respiratory coordination (CRC), remain elusive, and an automated algorithm for CRC detection is lacking. This paper introduces an automated CRC detection algorithm, which allowed us to conduct a comprehensive comparison of CRPS and CRC during sleep for the first time using an extensive database.

Enhanced conductive body heat loss during sleep increases slow-wave sleep and calms the heart.

Substantial evidence suggests that the circadian decline of core body temperature (CBT) triggers the initiation of human sleep, with CBT continuing to decrease during sleep. Although the connection between habitual sleep and CBT patterns is established, the impact of external body cooling on sleep remains poorly understood. The main aim of the present study is to show whether a decline in body temperatures during sleep can be related to an increase in slow wave sleep (N3).

Simultaneous 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement on both arms: a consideration for improving hypertension management.

Objective: Arterial hypertension is one of the common treatment goals in today's medicine. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) performed by oscillometric cuff-based devices is considered as the gold standard in hypertension diagnostics. This study aims at examining the measurement accuracy of a widely used, ABPM device.

Obstructive sleep apnea heterogeneity and autonomic function: a role for heart rate variability in therapy selection and efficacy monitoring.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, resulting in a disturbed breathing pattern, changes in blood gases, abnormal autonomic regulation, metabolic fluctuation, poor neurocognitive performance, and increased cardiovascular risk. With broad inter-individual differences recognised in risk factors, clinical symptoms, gene expression, physiological characteristics, and health outcomes, various obstructive sleep apnea subtypes have been identified. Therapeutic efficacy and its impact on outcomes, particularly for cardiovascular consequences, may also vary depending on these features in obstructive sleep apnea.

Comparative study of the SleepImage ring device and polysomnography for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea.

Unlabelled: We aim to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the SleepImage Ring device in identifying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) across different severity in comparison to standard polysomnography (PSG). Thirty-nine patients (mean age, 56.8 ± 15.

Automatic sleep-stage classification of heart rate and actigraphy data using deep and transfer learning approaches.

Manual sleep-stage scoring based on full-night polysomnography data recorded in a sleep lab has been the gold standard of clinical sleep medicine. This costly and time-consuming approach is unfit for long-term studies as well as assessment of sleep on a population level. With the vast amount of physiological data becoming available from wrist-worn devices, deep learning techniques provide an opportunity for fast and reliable automatic sleep-stage classification tasks.

Effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on heart rate variability during night.

We developed a cross-over study design with two interventions in randomized order to compare the effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on cardiac autonomic tone. Twenty male subjects (40.6 ± 7.

Effects of mindfulness meditation and Acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea with residual excessive sleepiness: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Objective: Assessing the effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on symptoms of OSA, especially on the primary outcome, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

Methods: Parallel randomized controlled trial. 16 OSA patients with residual EDS (rEDS) were randomized and assigned to either a standardized 8-week MBSR program or a time-matched program on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).

Long- and short-term fluctuations compared for several organ systems across sleep stages.

Some details of cardiovascular and cardio-respiratory regulation and their changes during different sleep stages remain still unknown. In this paper we compared the fluctuations of heart rate, pulse rate, respiration frequency, and pulse transit times as well as EEG alpha-band power on time scales from 6 to 200 s during different sleep stages in order to better understand regulatory pathways. The five considered time series were derived from ECG, photoplethysmogram, nasal air flow, and central electrode EEG measurements from full-night polysomnography recordings of 246 subjects with suspected sleep disorders.

Home Sleep Testing of Sleep Apnea.

Measurement methods with graded complexity for use in the lab as well as for home sleep testing (HST) are available for the diagnosis of sleep apnea, and there are different classification systems in existence. Simplified HST measurements, which record fewer parameters than traditional four- to six-channel devices, can indicate sleep apnea and can be used as screening tool in high-prevalence patient groups. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) is a technique which can be suitable for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in certain cases.

[Bidirectional aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and sleep disorders].

This review highlights the relationship among sleep duration, sleep quality, the immune system, and SARS-CoV‑2 infection. Short and/or poor sleep may have an impact on the development as well as the course of an infection. Similarly, SARS-CoV‑2 infection as well as pandemic-related circumstances may negatively affect sleep.

Sleep Apnea & Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Overlap Syndrome Dynamics in Patients from an Epidemiological Study.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder in which repetitive upper airway obstructive events occur during sleep. These events can induce hypoxia, which is a risk factor for multiple cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder which induces a persistent inflammation of the lungs.

Enhancing Current Cardiorespiratory-based Approaches of Sleep Stage Classification by Temporal Feature Stacking.

This paper presents a generic method to enhance performance and incorporate temporal information for cardiorespiratory-based sleep stage classification with a limited feature set and limited data. The classification algorithm relies on random forests and a feature set extracted from long-time home monitoring for sleep analysis. Employing temporal feature stacking, the system could be significantly improved in terms of Cohen's κ and accuracy.

The Effect of Night Duty of Pharmacists on Sleepiness and Concentration at Daytime.

Background: The changing responsibilities of pharmacists contribute to a lack of qualified pharmacists to fill vacant positions, particularly in rural areas. Consequently, pharmacy managers cover various duties, including an increasing number of nights being on duty that can impair daytime concentration and performance. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of night duties on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and concentration abilities of pharmacists.

The Different Facets of Heart Rate Variability in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a heterogeneous and multifactorial sleep related breathing disorder with high prevalence, is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Autonomic dysfunction leads to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diverse pathways. Heart rate is a complex physiological process involving neurovisceral networks and relative regulatory mechanisms such as thermoregulation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanisms, and metabolic mechanisms.

New Trends and New Technologies in Sleep Medicine: Expanding Accessibility.

New trends in sleep medicine make use of the increased computational power of digital transformation. A current trend toward fewer sensors on the body of the sleeper and to more data processing from derived signals is observed. Telemedicine technologies are used for data transmission and for better patient management in terms of diagnosis and in terms of treatment of chronic conditions.

Estimation of Sleep Stages Analyzing Respiratory and Movement Signals.

The scoring of sleep stages is an essential part of sleep studies. The main objective of this research is to provide an algorithm for the automatic classification of sleep stages using signals that may be obtained in a non-obtrusive way. After reviewing the relevant research, the authors selected a multinomial logistic regression as the basis for their approach.

Surrogate based continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement.

Arterial blood pressure is one of the most often measured vital parameters in clinical practice. State-of-the-art noninvasive ABP measurement technologies have noticeable limitations and are mainly based on uncomfortable techniques of complete or partial arterial occlusion by cuffs. Most commonplace devices provide only intermittent measurements, and continuous systems are bulky and difficult to apply correctly for nonprofessionals.

Health outcomes of continuous positive airway pressure versus mandibular advancement device for the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Study Objectives: The impact of therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mandibular advancement device (MAD) has not been directly compared in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The purpose of this individual participant data meta-analysis was to compare the treatment effects of CPAP and titratable MAD on sleepiness, quality of life, sleep-disordered breathing severity, and sleep structure in patients with severe OSA.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included severe OSA patients were identified in order to compare the impact of the two treatments.

Video-based sleep detection using ocular signals under the standard conditions of the maintenance of wakefulness test in patients with sleep disorders.

Objective: Excessive sleepiness is a physiological reaction to sleep deficiency but can also be caused by underlying medical conditions. Detecting sleep is essential in preventing accidents and for medical diagnostics. Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the gold standard for the detection of sleep.

Distinguish Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea by Portable Peripheral Arterial Tonometry.

Sleep apnea has a very high prevalence in the general population. Sleep apnea can be the cause for cardiovascular disorders. An increased risk for suffering from hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction had been shown in large studies, like the Sleep Heart Health Study.

Alternative algorithms and devices in sleep apnoea diagnosis: what we know and what we expect.

Purpose Of Review: Diagnosis of sleep apnoea was performed in sleep laboratories with polysomnography. This requires a room with supervision and presence of technologists and trained sleep experts. Today, clinical guidelines in most countries recommend home sleep apnoea testing with simple systems using six signals only.

Deep Recurrent Neural Networks for Automatic Detection of Sleep Apnea from Single Channel Respiration Signals.

Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that causes repeated breathing interruption during sleep. The performance of automated apnea detection methods based on respiratory signals depend on the signals considered and feature extraction methods. Moreover, feature engineering techniques are highly dependent on the experts' experience and their prior knowledge about different physiological signals and conditions of the subjects.

Reconstruction of the respiratory signal through ECG and wrist accelerometer data.

Respiratory rate and changes in respiratory activity provide important markers of health and fitness. Assessing the breathing signal without direct respiratory sensors can be very helpful in large cohort studies and for screening purposes. In this paper, we demonstrate that long-term nocturnal acceleration measurements from the wrist yield significantly better respiration proxies than four standard approaches of ECG (electrocardiogram) derived respiration.