The effect of a toothpaste containing oleanolic acid in reducing plaque and gingivitis: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of an oleanolic acid (OA)-containing toothpaste in reducing gingival inflammation and plaque in patients with gingivitis.

Methods: This proof-of-concept parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial included 99 patients. Following a 1-week washout, patients were randomized into three groups: OA group (fluoride toothpaste containing 0.

Cocaine use disorders and acute myocardial infarction, excess length of hospital stay and overexpenditure.

Introduction And Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the prevalence of cocaine use disorders and acute myocardial infarction in patients aged ≥ 18 years and to estimate the influence of cocaine use disorders on mortality, excess length of stay, and overexpenditure among hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: Retrospective study of the minimum basic data set of 87 Spanish hospitals from 2008 to 2010.

Results: Among 5 575 325 admissions reviewed, there were 24 126 patients with cocaine use disorders and 79 076 cases of acute myocardial infarction.

Celiac disease and alcohol use disorders: increased length of hospital stay, overexpenditures and attributable mortality.

Background And Objectives: alcohol use disorders are associated with a greater incidence of certain comorbidities in patients with celiac disease. Currently there is no available information about the impact that these disorders may have on length of hospital stays, overexpenditures during hospital stays, and excess mortality in these patients.

Methods: a case-control study was conducted with a selection of patients 18 years and older hospitalized during 2008-2010 in 87 hospitals in Spain.

Morphological awareness and vocabulary development among kindergartners with different ability levels.

Our goal was to investigate the growth of vocabulary and morphological awareness over time in the context of an intervention for kindergartners with different ability levels in these skills. Participants in this exploratory study were 108 children from schools serving socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Results indicated that children significantly improved their morphological awareness skills and vocabulary over a period of 4 months ( eta(p)(2) = .

Molecular and in vitro characterization of field isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1.

Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle, being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes. The aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize (molecular and biological characterization) BoHV-1 from 29 immunosuppressed animals. It was possible to obtain 18 isolates, each from a different animal, such as from the respiratory and reproductive tracts.

[Compliance with Chilean diagnostic guidelines among patients with ischemic stroke admitted to a public hospital].

Background: Acute ischemic stroke in adults was given an Explicit Guarantee of diagnosis and treatment (GES) with Clinical Guidelines in 2007 as part of the on-going Chilean National Health Reform.

Aim: To evaluate the adherence to official guidelines with regard to the use of diagnostic methods for patients with acute ischemic stroke during their stay in a public hospital.

Patients And Methods: The study included a review of the medical records of 101 patients aged 70 ± 13 years (49 males and 52 females) diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and discharged within August and September of 2008 and 2009 from a public hospital.

[Trends in colorectal cancer in Spain from 1951-2007 and alcohol and cigarette consumption].

Objectives: To analyze trends in colorectal cancer in Spain from 1951-2007, and their relationship with alcohol and cigarette consumption.

Material And Methods: We performed a correlation analysis between incidence, mortality and potential years of life lost rates, the mean age at death, and per capita consumption of alcohol and cigarettes with a time span of 15 years.

Results: In contrast with the tendency in other countries, the incidence of colorectal cancer steadily increased in both genders.

Incidence and mortality by colorectal cancer in Spain during 1951-2006 and its relationship with behavioural factors.

Incidence of colorectal cancer has steadily increased in both the sexes and across all age groups during the last decades in Spain, in contrast with other countries where incidence decreased during this period. This increase is more marked among men, probably due to a high exposure to risk factors such as smoking, heavy drinking, overweight and diabetes. Annual age-adjusted mortality rates have increased in Spain during the period 1951-2000, but from that time until 2006 these rates have kept steady in males and fallen in females.

Device-associated nosocomial infection rates in intensive care units in four Mexican public hospitals.

Background: Routine surveillance of nosocomial infections has become an integral part of infection control and quality assurance in US hospitals.

Methods: As part of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium, we performed a prospective nosocomial infection surveillance cohort study in 5 adult intensive care units of 4 Mexican public hospitals using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system definitions. Site-specific nosocomial infection rates were calculated.

Effect of hydroxyurea on mortality and morbidity in adult sickle cell anemia: risks and benefits up to 9 years of treatment.

Context: Hydroxyurea increases levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and decreases morbidity from vaso-occlusive complications in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). High HbF levels reduce morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To determine whether hydroxyurea attenuates mortality in patients with SCA.

Tagum study II: follow-up study at two years of age after prenatal exposure to mercury.

Objectives: To correlate the presence and levels of total mercury (THg) in cord blood and meconium indicating prenatal exposure with developmental milestones at 2 years and to compare these subjects with controls of comparable age using cognitive adaptive test and clinical linguistic auditory milestone scale (CAT/CLAMS).

Methods: In 48 of the original Tagum (T) subjects, cord blood and meconium Hg levels, head circumference (HC) at birth, and duration of breastfeeding were correlated with CAT/CLAMS at 2 years. At 2 years, THg levels using cold atomic vapor absorption spectrometry were determined in the hair of 46 T subjects and 88 Saranggani (S) controls; THg levels in blood were tested in 48 T subjects and 45 S controls.

Prevalence of fetal exposure to environmental toxins as determined by meconium analysis.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine whether environmental pollutants, specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides can be detected in meconium.

Study Design: Prospective, cohort study. Infants were randomly recruited from the nurseries of five hospitals in Manila, Philippines.