Matrix metalloprotease-7 is associated with post-COVID-19 persistent lung abnormalities.

https://bit.ly/4etsvk5.

rs35705950 Promoter Variant Is Associated with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia in Patients with Antisynthetase Syndrome.

: The presence of the rs35705950 variant in the gene promoter is a critical genetic risk factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It has been associated with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in several interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). In antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD), most high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns are inflammatory, but up to 13% have UIP, leading to a worse prognosis.

Variants rs3804099 and rs3804100 in the Gene Induce Different Profiles of TLR-2 Expression and Cytokines in Response to Spike of SARS-CoV-2.

The present study aimed to identify in patients with severe COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the association between rs3804099 and rs3804100 () and evaluate the expression of TLR-2 on the cell surface of innate and adaptive cells of patients' carriers of C allele in at least one genetic variant. We genotyped 1018 patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. According to genotype, a subgroup of 12 patients was selected to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with spike and LPS + spike.

Altered levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 depend on the rs4986790 genotype in COPD smokers but not those exposed to biomass-burning smoke.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with tobacco smoking and biomass-burning smoke exposure. Toll-like receptor 4 () single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to its pathogenesis. The study aimed to assess the association of rs4986790 and rs4986791 in the gene in a Mexican mestizo population with COPD secondary to tobacco smoking (COPD-TS) and biomass-burning smoke (COPD-BBS) and to evaluate whether the genotypes of risk affect cytokine serum levels.

14-bp variant is associated with exercise-induced oxygen desaturation in the post-COVID-19 condition.

https://bit.ly/3THdx1D.

Persistence of lung structural and functional alterations at one year post-COVID-19 is associated with increased serum PD-L2 levels and altered CD4/CD8 ratio.

Background: Persistent respiratory symptoms and lung abnormalities post-COVID-19 are public health problems. This study evaluated biomarkers to stratify high-risk patients to the development or persistence of post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease.

Methods: One hundred eighteen patients discharged with residual lung abnormalities compatible with interstitial lung disease (COVID-ILD patients) after a severe COVID-19 were followed for 1 year (post-COVID-ILD patients).

The Immune Response of , , and Genes in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, where aging, underlying diseases, and genetic background are related to worse outcomes. In the present study, the differential expression of seven genes related to immunity, , , , , , , and , was analyzed in individuals with COVID-19 diagnoses of different disease severities. Two-step RT-qPCR was performed to determine the relative gene expression in whole-blood samples from 160 individuals.

Association of and polymorphisms in COVID-19 host severity and non-survival.

Background: Enzymes of the peptidylarginine deiminase family (PADs) play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in their genes with COVID-19 severity and death is unknown.

Methodology: We included 1045 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between October 2020 and December 2021.

Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases in Chronic Diseases: A Focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis and Interstitial Lung Disease.

Protein citrullination is accomplished by a broad enzyme family named Peptidyl Arginine Deiminases (PADs), which makes this post-translational modification in many proteins that perform physiological and pathologic mechanisms in the body. Due to these modifications, citrullination has become a significant topic in the study of pathological processes. It has been related to some chronic and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), interstitial lung diseases (ILD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and certain types of cancer, among others.

Lung microbiome alterations in patients with anti-Jo1 antisynthetase syndrome and interstitial lung disease.

Aim: To characterize the lung microbiome in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASSD) according to anti-Jo1 autoantibody positivity and evaluate the correlation with differential cell count and other bacterial genera in BALF.

Methods: We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in the BALF of anti-Jo1-positive (JoP, n=6) and non-Jo1-positive (NJo, n=17) patients, and the differential cell count in BALF was evaluated. The Spearman's correlation was calculated for the quantitative variables and abundance of bacterial species.

Variant rs4986790 of toll-like receptor 4 affects the signaling and induces cell dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19.

Objectives: We investigated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 on the cell surface of innate and adaptive cells from patients with COVID-19 carrying the rs4986790 GG genotype in the TLR4 gene and the functional profile of these cells.

Methods: We included 1169 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The rs4986790 in TLR4 was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Participation of Single-Nucleotide Variants in and in the Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.

Host genetic factors significantly influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Among these genetic factors are single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). and genes have been associated with severe COVID-19 in populations from the United Kingdom, Africa, and Latin America.

Molecular Factors in PAD2 () and PAD4 () Are Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease Susceptibility in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.

Around 50% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients show some extra-articular manifestation, with the lung a usually affected organ; in addition, the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) is a common feature, which is caused by protein citrullination modifications, catalyzed by the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PAD) enzymes. We aimed to identify single nucleotide variants (SNV) in and genes (PAD2 and PAD4 proteins, respectively) associated with susceptibility to interstitial lung disease (ILD) in RA patients and the PAD2 and PAD4 levels. Material and methods: 867 subjects were included: 118 RA-ILD patients, 133 RA patients, and 616 clinically healthy subjects (CHS).

Clinical risk factors in patients with interstitial lung disease associated with anti-MDA5 autoantibodies.

Introduction: The anti-MDA5-associated autoimmune disease represents a poorly understood entity. The study's objectives were to describe a cohort of interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients who were positive for anti-MDA5 autoantibody and identify clinical risk factors associated with survival.

Methods: This single-center cohort study included ILD patients positive for anti-MDA5 autoantibody.

COVID-19 patients with high TNF/IFN-γ levels show hallmarks of PANoptosis, an inflammatory cell death.

TNF and IFN-γ trigger cell damage during SARS CoV-2 infection; these cytokines can induce senescence and a cell death process called PANoptosis. This study included 138 vaccine-naïve COVID-19 patients, who were divided into four groups (Gp) according to the plasma level of TNF and IFN-γ (High [] or Normal-Low []), Gp 1: TNF/IFNγ; Gp 2: TNF/IFNγ; Gp 3: TNF/IFNγ; and Gp 4: TNF/IFNγ. Thirty-five apoptosis-related proteins and molecules related to cell death and senescence were evaluated.

High Expression Levels of miR-21-5p in Younger Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Are Associated with Mortality and Critical Disease.

Unlabelled: In COVID-19, critical disease and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) increase the risk of death, mainly in patients over 60 years of age.

Objectives: To find the relationship between miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p in terms of the severity, IMV, and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients younger than 55 years of age.

Methods: The patients were stratified according to disease severity using the IDSA/WHO criteria for severe and critical COVID-19 and subclassified into critical non-survivors and critical survivors.

The rs16969968 Tobacco Smoking-Related Single-Nucleotide Variant Is Associated with Clinical Markers in Patients with Severe COVID-19.

Tobacco smoking is the leading risk factor for many respiratory diseases. Several genes are associated with nicotine addiction, such as and . This research aims to evaluate the association of the polymorphisms rs16969968 () and rs3918396 () in patients who developed severe COVID-19.

The rs1799752 Variant Is Associated with COVID-19 Severity but Is Independent of Serum ACE Activity in Hospitalized and Recovered Patients.

This paper assesses the association of the insertion/deletion (angiotensin-converting enzyme) variant (rs1799752 I/D) and the serum ACE activity with the severity of COVID-19 as well as its impact on post-COVID-19, and we compare these associations with those for patients with non-COVID-19 respiratory disorders. We studied 1252 patients with COVID-19, 104 subjects recovered from COVID-19, and 74 patients hospitalized with a respiratory disease different from COVID-19. The rs1799752 variant was assessed using TaqMan Assays.

SNPs Sets in Codifying Genes for Xenobiotics-Processing Enzymes Are Associated with COPD Secondary to Biomass-Burning Smoke.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide; the main risk factors associated with the suffering are tobacco smoking (TS) and chronic exposure to biomass-burning smoke (BBS). Different biological pathways have been associated with COPD, especially xenobiotic or drug metabolism enzymes. This research aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) profiles associated with COPD from two expositional sources: tobacco smoking and BBS.

Serum Levels of IFABP2 and Differences in and Abundance on Gut Microbiota Are Associated with Poor Therapeutic Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study.

Intestinal dysbiosis is related to the physiopathology and clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the response to pharmacologic treatment. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze the effect of conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) on the abundance of gut microbiota's bacteria; (2) to evaluate the relationship between the differences in microbial abundance with the serum levels of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein 2 (IFABP2), cytokines, and the response phenotype to csDMARDs therapy in RA. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 23 women diagnosed with RA.

Enhanced Activity of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Lung of Patients with Anti-Synthetase Syndrome.

Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory interstitial lung disease (ILD). The main objective of this work was to quantify the concentrations of cytokines and molecules associated with inflammasome activation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ASSD and a comparison group of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined using the concentrated BAL protein.