Oral health inequities over time among older adults of different racial/ethnic backgrounds: a comparative decomposition analysis across Australia and the United States.

Background: Although the prevalence of poor oral health among older populations in Australia and the United States is higher, the contribution of ethnicity status is unknown. We aimed to estimate the contribution of social inequalities in oral health among older populations in Australia and the United States.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design using data from Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH 2004-06 and 2017-18) and the United States' National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-04 and 2011-16).

Translation of culturally and contextually informed diabetes training for Aboriginal primary health care providers on Aboriginal client outcomes: Protocol of a cluster randomized crossover trial of effectiveness.

Background: Indigenous populations globally have significantly high rates of type 2 diabetes compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. This study aims to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally and contextually informed Aboriginal Diabetes Workforce Training Program on Aboriginal primary health care workforce knowledge, attitude, confidence, skill and practice relating to diabetes care.

Methods: A Cluster Randomised Crossover Control Trial with two arms (Group A and Group B) will be conducted with Aboriginal primary health care services in South Australia.

Supporting best practice in the management of chronic diseases in primary health care settings: a scoping review of training programs for Indigenous Health Workers and Practitioners.

Background To improve diabetes management in primary health care for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples population, training programs that are culturally and contextually relevant to the local context are required. Using a scoping review methodology, the aim of this review was to describe the characteristics of chronic disease management training programs for Aboriginal Health Workers and Practitioners, their effectiveness on knowledge and skills, and client-related outcomes, and the enablers, barriers to delivery and participation. Methods Following protocol parameters, a systematic search was conducted in relevant databases and grey literature.

The protective effect of CALD identity in the presence of low income on missing teeth of Australian adults over time.

Background: 'Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD)' populations have diverse languages, ethnic backgrounds, societal structures and religions. CALD populations have not experienced the same oral health benefits as non-CALD groups in Australia. However, the socio-demographic profile of Australian CALD populations is changing.

Priority setting: Development of the South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium RoadMap for Action.

Issues Addressed: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people in South Australia are overburdened by cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. The South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium (Consortium) was established in June 2017 as a collaborative partnership to lead the implementation of three state-wide chronic disease plans using a strategic approach to identifying key priority areas for action.

Methods: In 2017-2018, the Consortium Coordinating Centre facilitated a priority setting process, which involved extensive consultation, including a prioritisation survey and stakeholder workshops.

Oral Health, Social and Emotional Well-Being, and Economic Costs: Protocol for the Second Australian National Child Oral Health Survey.

Background: Given the significant investment of governments and families into the provision of child dental care services in Australia, continued population oral health surveillance through national oral health surveys is imperative.

Objective: The aims of this study are to conduct a second National Child Oral Health Survey (NCOHS-2) to (1) describe the prevalence, extent, and impact of oral diseases in contemporary Australian children; (2) evaluate changes in the prevalence and extent of oral diseases in the Australian child population and socioeconomic subgroups since the first National Child Oral Health Study (NCOHS-1) in 2012-2013; and (3) use economic modeling to evaluate the burden of child oral disease from the NCOHS-1 and NCOHS-2 and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of targeted programs for high-risk child groups.

Methods: The NCOHS-2 will closely mimic the NCOHS-1 in being a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of Australian children aged 5-14 years.

The Global Prevalence and Severity of Dental Caries among Racially Minoritized Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Racially minoritized children often bear a greater burden of dental caries, but the overall magnitude of racial gaps in oral health and their underlying factors are unknown. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to fill these knowledge gaps. We compared racially minoritized (E) children aged 5-11 years (P) with same-age privileged groups (C) to determine the magnitude and correlates of racial inequities in dental caries (O) in observational studies (S).

Oral Health Inequities among CALD and Non-CALD Older Australians: A Decomposition Analysis.

Background: Among Australia's older population, the burden of oral disease is disproportionality borne by culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. This study aims to examine changes in untreated decay surfaces (DS) between 2004-2006 and 2017-2018 among older CALD and non-CALD Australians.

Methods: Data were sourced Australian national oral health surveys conducted in 2004-2006 and 2017-2018.

An Aboriginal-led consortium approach to chronic disease action for health equity and holistic wellbeing.

Issue Addressed: The Wellbeing Economy, which places human and ecological wellbeing at the centre of policy making, aligns with holistic Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander conceptualisations of health and wellbeing. In order to address chronic diseases in South Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, the South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium (Consortium) is fostering action in ways that align both with the Wellbeing Economy and with Health in All Policies (HiAP) approaches.

Methods: In June 2017, the Consortium was established as a collaborative partnership between government and non-government organisations, researchers, Aboriginal organisations and communities to lead the effective implementation of three state-wide chronic disease plans.

A longitudinal assessment of chronic periodontitis in Australian adults.

Aim: The study aimed to estimate the incidence/progression and reversal of chronic periodontitis and to identify factors associated with chronic periodontitis in Australian adults over a 12-year period.

Materials And Methods: Data were obtained from the longitudinal component of the National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) in 2004-2006, and repeated data, among the same adults, in 2017-2018. NSAOH 2004-2006 was a population-based study of Australian adults aged 15+ years.

A Longitudinal Study of Chronic Periodontitis in Two Cohorts of Community-Dwelling Elderly Australians.

The study aimed to estimate and compare the incidence and progression of chronic periodontitis among two generations of older Australian adults. Data were from two population-based cohort studies of Australian older adults aged 60+ years South Australian Dental Longitudinal Studies (SADLS), SADLS I (1991-1992) and SADLS II (2013-2014). American Academy of Periodontology/the U.

Effect of oral health literacy on self-reported tooth loss: A multiple mediation analysis.

Background: This study aims to investigate the mediating pathways of oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health-related behaviours on the relationship between education and self-reported tooth loss among Australian adults.

Methods: Data used for studying the effects of mediating pathways are from the National Dental Telephone Interview Survey 2013, a random sample survey of Australian adults aged 18+ years. To study the mediating effects, we use counterfactual-based analysis.

Use of oral health care services in the United States: unequal, inequitable-a cross-sectional study.

Background: Social determinants drive disparities in dental visiting. Disparities can be measured simply by comparing outcomes between groups (inequality) but can also consider concepts of social justice or fairness (inequity). This study aimed to assess differences in dental visiting in the United States in terms of both social inequality and inequity.

Adverse treatment outcomes in multidrug resistant tuberculosis go beyond the microbe-drug interaction: Results of a multiple correspondence analysis.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is effective in 50% of patients due to several factors including antibiotic susceptibility of the microorganism, adverse treatment reactions, social factors, and associated comorbidities.

Objectives: In this study, we describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Medellín, Colombia.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from patients diagnosed with MDR-TB attending Hospital La María in Medellín, Colombia, for treatment between 2010 and 2015.

The prevalence and severity of root surface caries across Australian generations.

Background: The "failure of success" theory predicts that as subsequent generations of older adults retain more teeth, those additional teeth will experience more oral disease like root surface caries. The theory in relation to root surface caries has never been tested in a cross-generational study. This study aims to compare root surface caries across generations of South Australian older adults to test the theory and explore risk indicators for root surface caries.

Low birth weight and maternal incarceration in pregnancy: A longitudinal linked data study of Western Australian infants.

Rationale: Improved birth weight outcomes have been reported for infants of mothers imprisoned during pregnancy relative to similarly disadvantaged mothers, however, findings are equivocal and evidence is lacking from jurisdictions outside the United States.

Objective: To investigate whether maternal imprisonment during pregnancy is a determinant of low birth weight (<2500 g) for Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants in Western Australia.

Methods: A longitudinal sample of 41,910 singleton infants born in Western Australia (October 1985-December 2013), was identified with linked administrative data and examined by five mutually exclusive categories of maternal corrections history; (i) imprisonment in pregnancy, (ii) imprisonment before pregnancy, (iii) first imprisonment after birth, (iv) community-based corrections record without imprisonment at any time, and (v) no corrections record at any time.

Use of the Dental Electronic Health Record for Research: Assessing Demographic and Oral Health Characteristics Data for Clinic Patients.

Dental schools in the United States increasingly emphasize community-based practice targeting underserved populations. However, the impact on target populations remains largely undocumented. East Carolina University School of Dental Medicine (ECU SoDM) developed an integrated electronic health record database that aggregates patient data from all clinics in the ECU SoDM system and enables longitudinal assessment of the impact of clinical care on oral health outcomes.

Carbon sequestration and methane emissions along a microtopographic gradient in a tropical Andean peatland.

Tropical alpine peatlands are among the least studied wetlands types on earth. Their important ecosystem services at local and regional scope are currently threatened by climate and land use changes. Recent studies in these ecosystems suggest their importance to the provision of climate regulation services, prompting a better understanding of the underlying functions and their variability at ecosystem scales.

Socioeconomic status, oral health and dental disease in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States.

Background: Socioeconomic inequalities are associated with oral health status, either subjectively (self-rated oral health) or objectively (clinically-diagnosed dental diseases). The aim of this study is to compare the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in oral health and dental disease among adults in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States (US).

Methods: Nationally-representative survey examination data were used to calculate adjusted absolute differences (AD) in prevalence of untreated decay and fair/poor self-rated oral health (SROH) in income and education.

Determinants of infant mortality for children of women prisoners: a longitudinal linked data study.

Background: There is limited information on the determinants of infant mortality outcomes for the children of women prisoners. This study aimed to explore determinants of infant mortality for Indigenous and non-Indigenous children, with a specific focus on maternal imprisonment during pregnancy as a risk factor.

Methods: Using linked administrative data we obtained a longitudinal sample of 42,674 infants born in Western Australia between October 1985 and June 2013.

Maternal incarceration, child protection, and infant mortality: a descriptive study of infant children of women prisoners in Western Australia.

Background: There are no population statistics collected on a routine basis on the children of prisoners in Australia. Accordingly, their potential vulnerability to adverse outcomes remains unclear. This study draws on linked administrative data to describe the exposure of children aged less than 2 years to maternal imprisonment in Western Australia, their contact with child protection services, and infant mortality rates.

Social inequalities in tooth loss: A multinational comparison.

Objectives: To conduct cross-national comparison of education-based inequalities in tooth loss across Australia, Canada, Chile, New Zealand and the United States.

Methods: We used nationally representative data from Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health; Canadian Health Measures Survey; Chile's First National Health Survey Ministry of Health; US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; and the New Zealand Oral Health Survey. We examined the prevalence of edentulism, the proportion of individuals having <21 teeth and the mean number of teeth present.

Estimating the effects of maternal education on child dental caries using marginal structural models: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Australian Children.

Objective: To estimate the effect of mothers' education on Indigenous Australian children's dental caries experience while controlling for the mediating effect of children's sweet food intake.

Methods: The Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a study of two representative cohorts of Indigenous Australian children, aged from 6 months to 2 years (baby cohort) and from 3.5 to 5 years (child cohort) at baseline.