Mayan Medicinal Plants and Demonstrate Anti-Infective Properties Against the Priority Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and .

(1) Background: Carbapenem-resistant (CBRAB) and (CBRPA) are critical and high-priority pathogens that require new therapeutic developments. Medicinal plants are valuable pharmaceutical resources. This study explored the anti-infective properties of Mayan plants, , and .

Machine Learning for Predicting Chronic Renal Disease Progression in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Renal Injury: A Feasibility Study.

This study aimed to determine the feasibility of applying machine-learning methods to assess the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and acute renal injury (AKI). The study was conducted on patients aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and AKI between April 2020 and March 2021, and admitted to a second-level hospital in Mérida, Yucatán, México. Of the admitted patients, 47.

Investigating the anti-growth, anti-resistance, and anti-virulence activities of J.F.Gmel. against the superbug .

has been used in Mayan folk medicine to treat diarrhea and cough. This study aimed to determine the anti-growth, anti-resistance, and/or anti-virulence activities of extracts against , a pathogen leader that causes healthcare-associated infections with high rates of drug-resistant including carbapenems, the last line of antibiotics known as superbugs, and analyze their composition using HPLC-DAD. Ethyl acetate (SSB-3) and methanol (SSB-4) bark extracts exhibit antimicrobial and biocidal effects against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant .

Potential Anti-Infectious Activity of Essential Oil Chemotypes of Kunth on Antibiotic-Resistant Strains.

infections are prevalent in healthcare and community environments. Methicillin-resistant is catalogued as a superbug of high priority among the pathogens. This Gram-positive coccus can form biofilms and produce toxins, leading to persistent infection and antibiotic resistance.

[Gram-negative bacteria of critical priority in ICU patients from a tertiary care hospital].

Background: Intensive care units (ICU) are the epicenter of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and patients' infections are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB).

Objective: To describe the frequency and trends in AMR of GNB deriving from the clinical samples of ICU patients at a tertiary care hospital in Mérida, Yucatán.

Material And Methods: Study which included the review of laboratory reports of all bacteriological samples collected from patients admitted to neonatal, pediatric and adult ICU from January 1 2019 to December 31 2021.

Anti- activity of the Mayan medicinal plant Radlk extracts.

Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula is an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, locally known as the chiclero's ulcer, and Mayan traditional medicine which refers to the use of Radlk, known as k'an chuunup. Aqueous and organic leaves extracts were evaluated against promastigotes and amastigotes of Toxicity tests of extracts were performed using Vero and J774A.1 macrophage cell lines.

The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients at a Second-Level Hospital in Yucatán Mexico.

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used for multiple reasons such as treatment of diseases and their symptoms, empowerment, self-care, disease prevention, dissatisfaction, adverse effects or cost of conventional medicine, perception of compatibility with beliefs, and idiosyncrasy. This study investigated CAM use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 240 eligible patients with CKD in the PD program.

Antimicrobial potential of the Mayan medicine plant Matayba oppositifolia (A. Rich.) Britton against antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The bark of Matayba oppositifolia (A. Rich.) Britton (commonly known as "huaya" or "palo huacax") is commonly utilized in traditional Mayan medicine for treating diarrhea and for canker and other sores.

Efficacy of Fosfomycin against Planktonic and Biofilm-Associated MDR Uropathogenic Clinical Isolates.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a severe public health problem and are caused mainly by the uropathogenic (UPEC). Antimicrobial resistance and limited development of new antimicrobials have led to the reuse of old antibiotics such as fosfomycin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of fosfomycin on a collection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC and the degradative activity on biofilm producers.

The Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7) of SARS-CoV-2 Failed to Become Dominant in Mexico.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the emergence and rapid increase of the B.1.1.

Activity of Semi-Synthetic Mulinanes against MDR, Pre-XDR, and XDR Strains of .

Tuberculosis causes more than 1.2 million deaths each year. Worldwide, it is the first cause of death by a single infectious agent.

Two New Dihydrosphingosine Analogs Against Affect , Expression.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains threaten the control of tuberculosis. New antitubercular dihydrosphingosine analogs, named UCIs, have been evaluated in preclinical studies but their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action against are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UCI exposure on gene expression of drug-sensitive H37Rv and MDR CIBIN:UMF:15:99 clones of which were isolated, phenotypically, and genetically characterized, cultured to log phase and treated with UCI compounds; followed by total RNA isolation, reverse transcription and hybridization assays on Affymetrix genomic microarrays.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Mayan medicinal plants against Methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Several medicinal plants are used in Mayan Traditional Medicine to treat skin, urinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infectious diseases. However, scientific studies that have supported the bioactivity of these Mayan medicinal plants are limited.

Aim Of The Study: To assess the in-vitro anti-Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm-formation activities of 15 Mayan medicinal plants that were selected based on their traditional uses for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Mulinane- and Azorellane-Type Diterpenoids: A Systematic Review of Their Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Pharmacology.

Mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids have unique tricyclic fused five-, six-, and seven-membered systems and a wide range of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, spermicidal, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory, among others. These secondary metabolites are exclusive constituents of medicinal plants belonging to the , , and genera. In the last 30 years, more than 95 mulinanes and azorellanes have been reported, 49 of them being natural products, 4 synthetics, and the rest semisynthetic and biotransformed derivatives.

Antitubercular Activity of the Fungus sp. MR41 Strain.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide from infectious diseases and its inadequate treatment has led to emergence of resistant strains. The emergence of these strains renders the search for new drugs for the treatment of TB. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the anti-TB activity of the extract from fungus sp.

Bactericidal Effect of the Leaf Extract from spp. (AAB Group, Silk Subgroup), cv. "Manzano" Against Multidrug-Resistant .

Air-dried leaves of a spp. AAB, cv. "Manzano" plant, known as in the Maya culture, were sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol; the resulting extracts were investigated for their antimycobacterial activity against susceptible and drug-resistant strains of (MTB) using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay.

Therapeutic efficacy of liposomes containing 4-(5-pentadecyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine in a murine model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background And Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases and comprises a global public health concern because co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and, in particular, the continuous isolation of new Multidrug-resistant strains (MDR), rendering the discovery of novel anti-TB agents a strategic priority. One of the most effective first-line mycobactericidal drugs is Isoniazid (INH). Previously, we reported in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity against sensitive and MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of a new oxadiazole obtained from the hybridization of INH and palmitic acid.

Correlations between major risk factors and closely related Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates grouped by three current genotyping procedures: a population-based study in northeast Mexico.

The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients related to a chain of recent TB transmissions were investigated. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates (120) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-IS6110 (R), spacer oligotyping (S) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (M) methods. The MTB isolates were clustered and the clusters were grouped according to the similarities of their genotypes.

Further mulinane and azorellane diterpenoids isolated from Mulinum crassifolium and Azorella compacta.

The new mulinane diterpenoids 1 and 2 were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Mulinum crassifolium, while the rearranged mulinane 5, which was isolated for the first time from a natural source, was isolated from Azorella compacta. Compounds 1-2 were prepared by semi-synthesis thorough acetylation of the diterpene 17-acetoxymulinic acid (3). A mechanism of reaction was proposed, while the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and computational methods.

Naphthoquinones isolated from Diospyros anisandra exhibit potent activity against pan-resistant first-line drugs Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

Background And Objectives: The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains have further complicated the control of tuberculosis (TB). There is an urgent need of new molecules candidates to be developed as novel, active, and less toxic anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. Medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs, particularly as anti-infective agents.

A population-based study of first and second-line drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-burden area of the Mexico/United States border.

The resistance of 139 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from the city of Monterrey, Northeast Mexico, to first and second-line anti-TB drugs was analysed. A total of 73 isolates were susceptible and 66 were resistant to anti-TB drugs. Monoresistance to streptomycin, isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol was observed in 29 cases.

Microbiological and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Micropropagated Rubus liebmannii Medicinal Plant.

Rubus liebmannii is an endemic species from Mexico used in traditional medicine primarily to treat dysentery and cough. The in vitro activity against Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica that produces the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant led us to expand the pharmacological and phytochemical research of this species. Gastrointestinal disorders including amebiasis remain one of the health problems that need to be addressed and it is of interest to find alternatives that improve their treatment.

Antiprotozoal and Antimycobacterial Activities of Pure Compounds from Aristolochia elegans Rhizomes.

We analyzed the antimycobacterial activity of the hexane extract of rhizomes from Aristolochia elegans. Some compounds of this extract were purified and tested against a group of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. We also evaluated their antiprotozoal activities.

Flourensia cernua: Hexane Extracts a Very Active Mycobactericidal Fraction from an Inactive Leaf Decoction against Pansensitive and Panresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The efficacy of decoction in extracting mycobactericidal compounds from Flourensia cernua (Hojasé) leaves and fractionation with solvents having ascending polarity was compared with that of (i) ethanol extraction by still maceration, extraction with a Soxhlet device, shake-assisted maceration, or ultrasound-assisted maceration, followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol; (ii) sequential extraction with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, by still maceration, using a Soxhlet device, shake-assisted maceration, or ultrasound-assisted maceration. The in vitro mycobactericidal activity of each preparation was measured against drug-sensitive (SMtb) and drug-resistant (RMtb) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The results of which were expressed as absolute mycobactericidal activity (AMA).

Design, synthesis, and in vitro antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial activities of N-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}ureas.

We have synthesized a new series of quinoline tripartite hybrids from chloroquine, ethambutol, and isoxyl drugs, using a short synthetic route. Compounds 1-8 were tested in vitro against five protozoa (Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis,Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. N-(4-Butoxyphenyl)-N'-{2-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}urea (6) was the most active compound against all parasites tested.