Lifecourse socioeconomic position and diabetes incidence in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, 2003 to 2016.

Low socioeconomic position (SEP) across the lifecourse is associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We examined whether these economic disparities differ by race and sex. We included 5448 African American (AA) and white participants aged ≥45 years from the national (United States) REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort without T2DM at baseline (2003-07).

County-Level Socioeconomic Disparities in Use of Medical Services for Management of Infections by Medicare Beneficiaries With Diabetes-United States, 2012.

Objective: To assess county-level socioeconomic disparities in medical service usage for infections among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes (MBWDs) who had fee-for-service health insurance claims during 2012.

Design: We used Medicare claims data to calculate percentage of MBWDs with infections.

Setting: Medicare beneficiaries.

Life Course Socioeconomic Position, Allostatic Load, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes among African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study, 2000-04 to 2012.

Objective: We examined whether life course socioeconomic position (SEP) was associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes (t2DM) among African Americans.

Design: Secondary analysis of data from the Jackson Heart Study, 2000-04 to 2012, using Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for t2DM incidence by measures of life course SEP.

Participants: Sample of 4,012 nondiabetic adults aged 25-84 years at baseline.

County-level contextual factors associated with diabetes incidence in the United States.

Purpose: Health and administrative systems are facing spatial clustering in chronic diseases such as diabetes. This study explores how geographic distribution of diabetes in the United States is associated with socioeconomic and built environment characteristics and health-relevant policies.

Methods: We compiled nationally representative county-level data from multiple data sources.

Disparities in the Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes - United States, 1999-2002 and 2011-2014.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly in the United States since the mid-1990s. By 2014, an estimated 29.1 million persons, or 9.

Association Between County-Level Characteristics and Eye Care Use by US Adults in 22 States After Accounting for Individual-Level Characteristics Using a Conceptual Framework.

Importance: Individual-level characteristics are associated with eye care use. The influence of contextual factors on vision and eye health, as well as health behavior, is unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between county-level characteristics and eye care use after accounting for individual-level characteristics using a conceptual framework.

Changes in Disparity in County-Level Diagnosed Diabetes Prevalence and Incidence in the United States, between 2004 and 2012.

Background: In recent decades, the United States experienced increasing prevalence and incidence of diabetes, accompanied by large disparities in county-level diabetes prevalence and incidence. However, whether these disparities are widening, narrowing, or staying the same has not been studied. We examined changes in disparity among U.

Association of Socioeconomic Status with Eye Health Among Women With and Without Diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and poor eye health among women.

Materials And Methods: We included the 7,708 women aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the 2008 National Health Interview Survey. We defined poor eye health as self-reported age-related eye diseases (AREDs; cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy) or visual impairment (VI).

Measuring health disparities: a comparison of absolute and relative disparities.

Monitoring national trends in disparities in different diseases could provide measures to evaluate the impact of intervention programs designed to reduce health disparities. In the US, most of the reports that track health disparities provided either relative or absolute disparities or both. However, these two measures of disparities are not only different in scale and magnitude but also the temporal changes in the magnitudes of these measures can occur in opposite directions.

Association of Socioeconomic Position With Sensory Impairment Among US Working-Aged Adults.

Objectives: We examined the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and sensory impairment.

Methods: We used data from the 2007 to 2010 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 69 845 adults). Multivariable logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) for associations of educational attainment, occupational class, and poverty-income ratio with impaired vision or hearing.

Secular changes in prediabetes indicators among older-adult Americans, 1999-2010.

Background: Sex-specific prediabetes estimates are not available for older-adult Americans.

Purpose: To estimate prediabetes prevalence, using nationally representative data, in civilian, non-institutionalized, older U.S.

Diabetes - United States, 2006 and 2010.

In 2011, an estimated 26 million persons aged ≥20 years (11.3% of the U.S.

Education and income - United States, 2009 and 2011.

The factors that influence the socioeconomic position of individuals and groups within industrial societies also influence their health. Socioeconomic position has continuous and graded effects on health that are cumulative over a lifetime. The socioeconomic conditions of the places where persons live and work have an even more substantial influence on health than personal socioeconomic position.

The relationship between county-level contextual characteristics and use of diabetes care services.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between county-level measures of social determinants and use of preventive care among US adults with diagnosed diabetes. To inform future diabetes prevention strategies.

Methods: Data are from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2004 and 2005 surveys, the National Diabetes Surveillance System, and the Area Resource File.

Small area variation in diabetes prevalence in Puerto Rico.

Objective: To estimate the 2009 prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in Puerto Rico among adults ≥ 20 years of age in order to gain a better understanding of its geographic distribution so that policymakers can more efficiently target prevention and control programs.

Methods: A Bayesian multilevel model was fitted to the combined 2008-2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and 2009 United States Census data to estimate diabetes prevalence for each of the 78 municipios (counties) in Puerto Rico.

Results: The mean unadjusted estimate for all counties was 14.

Socioeconomic disparity in use of eye care services among US adults with age-related eye diseases: National Health Interview Survey, 2002 and 2008.

Importance: Individuals with age-related eye disease (ARED) need to use eye care services for detection, assessment, and care at regular intervals.

Objective: To explore the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and use of eye care services among US adults with self-reported ARED during 2002 and 2008.

Design: Data were from the National Health Interview Survey 2002 and 2008.

Association of statin use with peripheral neuropathy in the U.S. population 40 years of age or older.

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes and several conditions that may lead to the loss of lower extremity function and even amputations. Since the introduction of statins, their use has increased markedly. Recent reports suggest a role for statins in the development of peripheral neuropathy.

Socioeconomic status and mortality: contribution of health care access and psychological distress among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes.

Objective: Although several studies have examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality in the general population, few have investigated this relationship among people with diabetes. This study sought to determine how risk of mortality associated with measures of SES among adults with diagnosed diabetes is mitigated by association with demographics, comorbidities, diabetes treatment, psychological distress, or health care access and utilization.

Research Design And Methods: The study included 6,177 adults aged 25 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who participated in the National Health Interview Surveys (1997-2003) linked to mortality data (follow-up through 2006).

Evaluation of risk equations for prediction of short-term coronary heart disease events in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes: the Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study.

Background: To evaluate the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and Framingham risk equations for predicting short-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events among adults with long-standing type 2 diabetes, including those with and without preexisting CHD.

Aging, diabetes, and the public health system in the United States.

Diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) affects 10.9 million US adults aged 65 years and older. Almost 8 in 10 have some form of dysglycemia, according to tests for fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c.

Access to health care and control of ABCs of diabetes.

Objective: To examine the relationship between access to health care and diabetes control.

Research Design And Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2008, we identified 1,221 U.S.

Socioeconomic status and lifetime risk for workplace eye injury reported by a us population aged 50 years and over.

Purpose: To examine whether socioeconomic status, as measured by educational attainment and annual household income, is associated with lifetime risk for workplace eye injury in a large US population.

Methods: In analyses of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2005-2007, N = 43,510), we used logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching to assess associations between socioeconomic measures and lifetime risk for workplace eye injury among those aged ≥50 years.

Results: The lifetime prevalence of self-reported workplace eye injury was significantly higher among men (13.

Household income and cardiovascular disease risks in U.S. children and young adults: analyses from NHANES 1999-2008.

Objective: To assess the cardiovascular risk profile of youths across socioeconomic groups in the U.S.

Research Design And Methods: Analysis of 1999-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) including 16,085 nonpregnant 6- to 24-year-olds to estimate race/ethnicity-adjusted prevalence of obesity, central obesity, sedentary behaviors, tobacco exposure, elevated systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein according to age-group, sex, and poverty-income ratio (PIR) tertiles.