Dose response of prematurely condensed chromosome rings after gamma irradiation.

Purpose: This paper presents a calibration curve for prematurely condensed chromosome rings (PCC-ring) which are scarce in cytogenetic dosimetry; here we analyzed the behavior of the PCC-ring frequency and PCC index after gamma irradiation in the dose interval from 0 to 20 Gy.

Materials And Methods: PCC-rings were induced in lymphocytes with Calyculin A. A total of 5788 PCC cells in G1, G2/M, and M/A stages were analyzed.

Differential effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on joint formation during limb development.

During skeletal development the proliferating chondrocytes choose between two fates: to differentiate into prejoint cells or undergo hypertrophy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) participates in endochondral ossification, but it is unknown whether it has a role in joint development. We evaluated the VEGF effects on joints, implanting VEGF-beads in the presumptive limb joints of chick embryos.