A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade ( L., Solanaceae).

The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within the mega-diverse genus L. The clade is most diverse in the central to southern Andes, but species occur around the tropics and subtropics, some extending well into the temperate zone. Plants of the group vary from herbs to short-lived perennials to perennial shrubs that are distinctly woody at the base, they have small mostly white or purplish white flowers and small juicy berries.

Fossil berries reveal global radiation of the nightshade family by the early Cenozoic.

Fossil discoveries can transform our understanding of plant diversification over time and space. Recently described fossils in many plant families have pushed their known records farther back in time, pointing to alternative scenarios for their origin and spread. Here, we describe two new Eocene fossil berries of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) from the Esmeraldas Formation in Colombia and the Green River Formation in Colorado (USA).

Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers ( L., Solanaceae).

L. (tribe Capsiceae, Solanaceae) is an American genus distributed ranging from the southern United States of America to central Argentina and Brazil. The genus includes chili peppers, bell peppers, ajíes, habaneros, jalapeños, ulupicas and pimientos, well known for their economic importance around the globe.

Diversification of chiles (, Solanaceae) through time and space: New insights from genome-wide RAD-seq data.

L. encompasses 43 American species, including the five domesticated worldwide consumed sweet and hot chiles. This study presents new, updated and age-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis on the genus evolution incorporating nearly all currently accepted species.

Transcription Factors Evolve Faster Than Their Structural Gene Targets in the Flavonoid Pigment Pathway.

Dissecting the relationship between gene function and substitution rates is key to understanding genome-wide patterns of molecular evolution. Biochemical pathways provide powerful systems for investigating this relationship because the functional role of each gene is often well characterized. Here, we investigate the evolution of the flavonoid pigment pathway in the colorful Petunieae clade of the tomato family (Solanaceae).

Living in extreme environments: distribution of (Solanaceae), an endemic halophyte from the Altiplano-Puna region, South America.

Very few Solanaceae species are able to grow in saline soils; one of them is . This species is endemic to the Altiplano-Puna region (Central Andes, South America) where there are multiple extreme environmental conditions such as hypersaline soils. Here we present an updated description and distribution of including its new record for Bolivia at the edges of "Salar de Uyuni", the largest salt flat in the world; we discuss its ecological role in saline environments by analyzing soil salinity and cover-abundance values ​​of the studied sites.

New insights into the salt tolerance of the extreme halophytic species Lycium humile (Lycieae, Solanaceae).

Knowledge about Solanaceae species naturally adapted to salinity is scarce, despite the fact that a considerable number of Solanaceae has been reported growing in saline environments. Lycium humile Phil. inhabits extreme saline soils in the Altiplano-Puna region (Central Andes, South America) and represents a promising experimental model to study salt tolerance in Solanaceae plants.

Synthetic Lethal Activity of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids From Against BRCA1-Deficient Cancer Cells.

Several plants from South America show strong antitumoral properties based on anti-proliferative and/or pro-apoptotic activities. In this work we aimed to identify selective cytotoxic compounds that target BRCA1-deficient cancer cells by Synthetic Lethality (SL) induction. Using a high-throughput screening technology developed in our laboratory, we analyzed a collection of extracts from 46 native plant species from Argentina using a wide dose-response scheme.

An amazing new (Solanaceae) species from the Andean-Amazonian Piedmont.

Barboza & Bohs, , a new species from the tropical wet forests of the eastern Andean slopes (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to the Andean clade (all species 2n = 26) of and is similar to Barboza & S.Leiva in its glabrescence, calyx morphology, and corolla and seed color but differs in its membranous and elliptic leaves, fleshy calyces, deeper stellate corollas, longer filaments, longer and purple fruiting pedicels, purple berries, and larger seeds.

The Morelloid clade of L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa.

Since the publication of the Solanaceae treatment in "Flora Argentina" in 2013 exploration in the country and resolution of outstanding nomenclatural and circumscription issues has resulted in a number of changes to the species of the Morelloid clade of L. (Solanaceae) for Argentina. Here we describe three new species: Chiarini & Cantero, , from wet high elevation areas in Argentina (Catamarca, Salta and Tucumán) and Bolivia (Chuquisaca and Tarija), Barboza & S.

Solanaceae diversity in South America and its distribution in Argentina.

Solanaceae is one of the most diverse families in the Americas, particularly in Argentina where it represents the fourth family in terms of species number. Although checklists for most South American countries have been published, some are outdated and there has been no analysis of Solanaceae diversity at country level. We present an updated summary of Solanaceae diversity in South America, an analysis of its distribution in Argentina, and preliminary conservation assessments for all species endemic to Argentina.

Withanolides from the genus Exodeconus (Solanaceae). Chemotaxonomical considerations.

Five Exodeconus species were phytochemically analyzed. From the aerial parts of E. pusillus, the 7α,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-22R-witha-2,5,24-trienolide and three other previously unreported normal-type withanolides were isolated.

(Solanaceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Barboza & Bianchetti , a species from mid-elevation of the Atlantic Forest (Minas Gerais, Brazil) is described and illustrated. This endemic new species is distinguished from the most similar Mart. by its moderate to dense general pubescence, narrowly elliptic leaves and larger calyx appendages and corollas.

A revision of the Morelloid Clade of L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean.

The Morelloid Clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within the mega-diverse genus L. The clade is most species rich in the central to southern Andes, but species occur around the tropics and subtropics, some extending well into the temperate zone. Plants of the group are herbaceous or short-lived perennials, with small white or purplish white flowers, and small juicy berries.

Historical biogeography of the fern genus Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) in Austral South America.

A group of seven endemic Polystichum species inhabit Patagonia, the southern region of South America. To date, evolutionary relationships of these Austral South American Polystichum remain unknown. The biota of the Southern Andes appears to be more closely related to the temperate Australasian species than to northern South American ones.

Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus.

Four new species of Capsicum (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) from Andean tropical forests in South America are described. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza sp.

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of L., Solanaceae).

The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur.

Phylogenetic relationships of Deprea: New insights into the evolutionary history of physaloid groups.

Deprea is the genus with the second highest species richness in tribe Physalideae (Solanaceae) and comprises 50 species that are mainly distributed in the Andes of South America. The taxonomy of Deprea has been unstable after controversial hypotheses about its position and circumscription. Additionally, biogeographical inferences are only based on observations of the restricted area of distribution of some species and no ancestral area estimation have been performed.

Phytochemical Study of the Genus Salpichroa (Solanaceae), Chemotaxonomic Considerations, and Biological Evaluation in Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells.

Twelve Salpichroa taxa have been phytochemically analyzed. From the aerial parts of S. scandens, four known salpichrolides A, C, I, S, and an unreported withanolide named salpichrolide V (1), were isolated.

Typifications and synonymy in Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) from Chile and Argentina.

Polystichum Roth is one of the largest and most taxonomically challenging fern genera. South American species have a rich and complex nomenclatural history; many of the early names are inadequately typified. Based on extensive examination of original type material, we designate eleven lectotypes (including Aspidium mohrioides, Aspidium montevidense f.

Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae).

Background And Aims: Capsicum (Solanaceae), native to the tropical and temperate Americas, comprises the well-known sweet and hot chili peppers and several wild species. So far, only partial taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses have been done for the genus. Here, the phylogenetic relationships between nearly all taxa of Capsicum were explored to test the monophyly of the genus and to obtain a better knowledge of species relationships, diversification and expansion.

Changes in the circumscription of Deprea (Physalideae, Solanaceae): thirty two new combinations.

According to the latest phylogenetic and cytogenetic results, Larnax and Deprea should be merged in order to form a natural group. Consequently, we propose 32 combinations of Larnax species names under Deprea: Depreaabra-patriciae (S.Leiva & Barboza) S.

Withanolides with antibacterial activity from Nicandra john-tyleriana.

Eleven new withanolides (1-11) were isolated and characterized from the aerial parts of Nicandra john-tyleriana. Five of these withanolides have an unmodified skeleton (1-5), two are acnistins (6, 7), and four are withajardins (8-11). These new isolates were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic techniques (including multidimensional NMR) and mass spectrometry.

Withanolides from three species of the genus Deprea (Solanaceae). Chemotaxonomical considerations.

Nine withanolides were isolated from the aerial parts of Deprea bitteriana, Depreacuyacensis, and Depreazamorae. D.bitteriana yielded two withaphysalins, D.