Burden in caregivers of primary care patients with dementia: influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms according to disease stage (NeDEM project).

Background: Caregiver burden is related to personal factors and patient characteristics and is greater when neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are present.

Objective: Estimate the prevalence of burden among caregivers of dementia patients and its association with NPSs and identify NPSs causing greater caregiver distress according to dementia stage.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study in caregivers of noninstitutionalized dementia patients was conducted.

Effectiveness of a game-based educational strategy e-EDUCAGUIA for implementing antimicrobial clinical practice guidelines in family medicine residents in Spain: a randomized clinical trial by cluster.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have teaching potential for health professionals in training clinical reasoning and decision-making, although their use is limited. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a game-based educational strategy e-EDUCAGUIA using simulated clinical scenarios to implement an antimicrobial therapy GPC compared to the usual dissemination strategies to improve the knowledge and skills on decision-making of family medicine residents. Additionally, adherence to e-EDUCAGUIA strategy was assessed.

Health Related Quality of Life in Major Depressive Disorder: evolution in time and factors associated.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder. We aimed to analyze which factors were associated to their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) perception in patients diagnosed of MDD and how they evolved over six months.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and subsyndromes in patients with different stages of dementia in primary care follow-up (NeDEM project): a cross-sectional study.

Background: The objective was to describe the prevalence and intensity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) isolated and grouped into subsyndromes in patients with dementia in primary care (PC) to analyse their distribution based on stages of dementia and the relationship between them and the intensity of symptoms.

Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Population: Patients with dementia, not institutionalized, in a PC follow-up.

Risk aversion, trust in institutions and contingent valuation of healthcare services: trying to explain the WTA-WTP gap in the Dutch population.

Background: The preferences of citizens are a basic element to incorporate into the decision-making process when planning health policies. Contingent valuation (CV) is a common method for calculating the value for citizens that new technologies, interventions, and the provision of services or policies have. However, choosing the correct CV tool may not be a neutral decision.

[Implementation of Recommendations and Clinical Practice Guidelines by residents: the role of the Multiprofessional Family and Community Care Teaching Units in Spain].

Objective: To analyze the role of Family and Community Care Trainig Units as facilitators of the implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) and the factors associated with a greater effort in this task.

Material And Methods: Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical approach.

Participants: Training Units in Spain (N=94).

Mapping WOMAC Onto the EQ-5D-5L Utility Index in Patients With Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objectives: To map the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) onto the EQ-5D-5L in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 758 patients with hip or knee OA who completed the EQ-5D-5L and WOMAC questionnaires, of whom 644 completed them both again 6 months later. Baseline data were used to derive mapping functions.

Impact of lower limb osteoarthritis on health-related quality of life: A cross-sectional study to estimate the expressed loss of utility in the Spanish population.

Objective: Osteoarthritis of the lower limb (OALL) worsens health-related quality of life (HRQL), but this impact has not been quantified with standardized measures. We intend to evaluate the impact of OALL on HRQL through measures based on individual preferences in comparison to the general population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed.

An analysis of primary nurse consultation in the Community of Madrid.

Objective: to analyse the characteristics of primary care nurse consultation and to identify the factors associated with different types of activity.

Method: A cross-sectional multicentre observational study in 23 health centres (Community of Madrid), on 164 different nurses. The consultation was classified according to a consensus proposal in: "preventive activities" (PA), "self-care deficit" (SD), "coping and adaptation" (CA) and "diagnostic and therapeutic procedures" (DTP).

Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis: reliability, validity and responsiveness.

Purpose: To study the psychometric properties, including reliability, validity and responsiveness, of the Spanish EQ-5D-5L questionnaire for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: We included 758 patients with hip or knee OA who completed the EQ-5D-5L and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, of whom 644 also did 6 months later. The EQ-5D-5L contains five questions from which a utility index is derived.

"Gaining or losing": The importance of the perspective in primary care health services valuation.

Rationale And Objectives: Economic theory classifies an intervention as socially beneficial if the total Willingness to Pay (WTP) of those who gain exceeds the total Willingness to accept (WTA) of those who are harmed. This paper examines the differences in health system users' valuation of a health care service in primary care setting based on the WTP and WTA perspectives, discussing the impact of personal and service variables, including risk attitudes, on these disparities.

Method: Six hundred and sixty two subjects who asked for care in health centres in the Region of Madrid (Spain) were interviewed, using the contingent valuation method to estimate WTP and WTA.

Explaining differences in perceived health-related quality of life: a study within the Spanish population.

Objective: To assess the burden of several determinants on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and to study its heterogeneity among the different Spanish regions.

Method: Cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey (2012), and HRQOL was measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (utility and visual analogue scale -VAS- scores).

Risk-Taking Attitudes of Patients who Seek Health Care: An Exploratory Approach through Lottery Games.

Background: The characterization of the risk-taking attitude of individuals may be useful for planning health care interventions. It has been attempted to study expressions of risk-taking attitude and evaluate characteristics of a standard lottery game in a population that seeks health care to elicit these attitudes.

Methods: Multicentric cross-sectional study.

Effectiveness of a strategy that uses educational games to implement clinical practice guidelines among Spanish residents of family and community medicine (e-EDUCAGUIA project): a clinical trial by clusters.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed with the aim of helping health professionals, patients, and caregivers make decisions about their health care, using the best available evidence. In many cases, incorporation of these recommendations into clinical practice also implies a need for changes in routine clinical practice. Using educational games as a strategy for implementing recommendations among health professionals has been demonstrated to be effective in some studies; however, evidence is still scarce.

Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: an evaluation of attitudes towards risk and preferences.

Background: This paper examines the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) expressed by people who attended the healthcare system as well as the association of attitude towards risk and other personal characteristics with their response.

Methods: Health-state preferences, measured by EuroQol (EQ-5D-3L), were combined with WTP for recovering a perfect health state. WTP was assessed using close-ended, iterative bidding, contingent valuation method.

[Differences in the nursing consultation utilization in primary care, Spain].

Background: Different conditions in health services utilization may create situations of inequity. The objective was analyze the differences of nurse consultation utilization in primary care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, in 23 health centres in Madrid.

Economic valuation of health care services in public health systems: a study about Willingness to Pay (WTP) for nursing consultations.

Background: Identifying the economic value assigned by users to a particular health service is of principal interest in planning the service. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of economic value of nursing consultation in primary care (PC) by its users.

Methods And Results: Economic study using contingent valuation methodology.

A study of the user's perception of economic value in nursing visits to primary care by the method of contingent valuation.

Background: The identification of the attribution of economic value that users of a health system assign to a health service could be useful in planning these services. The method of contingent valuation can provide information about the user's perception of value in monetary terms, and therefore comparable between services of a very different nature. This study attempts to extract the economic value that the subject, user of primary care nursing services in a public health system, attributes to this service by the method of contingent valuation, based on the perspectives of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Willingness to Accept [Compensation] (WTA).

The safety and efficacy of robotic image-guided radiosurgery system treatment for intra- and extracranial lesions: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: The CyberKnife is a new, frameless stereotactic radiosurgery system. This work reviews its safety and efficacy in the treatment of intra- and extracranial lesions.

Methods: A literature search was made of the Medline, Embase, Pascal Biomed, CINAHL and Cancerlit databases.