Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A physiologically relevant animal model of traumatic optic neuropathy.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a common cause of irreversible blindness following head injury. TON is characterized by axon damage in the optic nerve followed by retinal ganglion cell death in the days and weeks following injury. At present, no therapeutic or surgical approach has been found to offer any benefit beyond observation alone.

Torsion-Induced Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TITON): A Physiologically Relevant Animal Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a common cause of irreversible blindness following head injury. TON is characterized by axon damage in the optic nerve followed by retinal ganglion cell death in the days and weeks following injury. At present, no therapeutic or surgical approach has been found to offer any benefit beyond observation alone.

Clinical Validation of an Alternative Specimen Collection Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Testing at Fox Chase Cancer Center.

Background: Supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the availability of components for specimen collection kits to detect SARS-CoV-2. Plastic injection molding offers a rapid and cheap method for mass production of swabs for upper respiratory tract sampling. Local production of virus transport medium increases flexibility to assemble sample collection kits if the medium provides appropriate stability for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Esthetic Considerations In Minimally Invasive Orthognathic Surgery.

The success of dental implants has long been considered to be dependent primarily on the quality and quantity of alveolar bone. Bone grafting allows patients with insufficient bone volume to obtain implant-supported prosthetic solutions for treatment of edentulism. While extensive bone grafting procedures have been commonly used to rehabilitate severely atrophic arches, they can be associated with long treatment times, unpredictability, and donor site morbidity.

Graftless Implantology as a Forward-Looking Clinical Concept for Highly Atrophic Maxillary Arches.

For many decades the success of dental implants has been considered to be dependent predominantly on the quality and quantity of the patient's alveolar bone. Building on the high success rates of implants, bone grafting eventually was implemented, allowing patients with insufficient bone volume to obtain implant-supported prosthetic solutions for treatment of partial or complete edentulism. Extensive bone grafting procedures have been commonly used to rehabilitate severely atrophic arches but are associated with long treatment times, unpredictability, and donor site morbidity.

Transcorneal Freezing in Aged Rabbits as a Platform for Evaluating Corneal Endothelial Cell Therapeutics.

Purpose: Transcorneal freezing is a common technique used in rabbits to induce damage to the corneal endothelium. Previous studies have been performed with a range of freezing temperatures, times, and rabbit ages. Here, we aimed to characterize the aged rabbit endothelium after transcorneal freezing to establish an innate corneal endothelial cell regrowth rate and propose it as a mechanism for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in rabbit models.

How Patient-Centered Medical Homes Integrate Dental Services Into Primary Care: A Scoping Review.

Integrated care delivery is at the core of patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs). The extent of integration of dental services in PCMHs for adults is largely unknown. We first identified dental-medical integrating processes from the literature and then conducted a scoping review using PRISMA guidelines to evaluate their implementation among PCMHs.

Protective Measures against COVID-19: Dental Practice and Infection Control.

The onset of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the worldwide healthcare sector, including dentistry. The highly infectious nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and risk of transmission through aerosol generating procedures has profoundly impacted the delivery of dental care services globally. As dental practices with renewed infection control strategies and preventive measures are re-opening in the "new normal" period, it is the responsibility of healthcare professionals to constantly analyze new data and limit the spread of COVID-19 in dental care settings.

The Challenges and Rewards of Teledentistry.

On March 15, 2020, routine dental care in New York State paused due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pause lasted 10 weeks in part to preserve critical supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE). This interruption of access to dental care led to an overall deterioration of oral health, an increase in prescribing and use of antibiotics and analgesic medications, especially opiates, and a rise in visits to hospital emergency centers.

Photoacoustic Imaging and Sensing: A New Way to See the Eye.

Photoacoustics (optoacoustics) is a hybrid technology utilizing light excitation of acoustic responses in targets of interest. It has found numerous applications in biomedicine, including eye research, because of its ability to report both morphological and functional data about the interrogated tissue. This presentation will give an overview of current applications.

Intraocular Injection of HyStem Hydrogel Is Tolerated Well in the Rabbit Eye.

To determine the long-term biocompatibility of HyStem hydrogel in the rabbit eye for use as a carrier for cell or drug delivery into the ocular space. HyStem hydrogel formulation solidifies ∼20 min after reconstitution, thus can potentially form a solid deposit after injection . To study the ocular disposition of fluorescein-labeled HyStem, we delivered 50 μL/eye over 1 min into the vitreous space of the rabbit.

Eye Shielding During Head CT Scans: Dose Reduction and Image Quality Evaluation.

Rationale And Objectives: In this study, we assessed the radiation dose to the lens and the impacts of various eye shields using either a fixed or modulated tube current.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing head computed tomography (CT) examinations were recruited, and each was randomly assigned to one of five imaging groups, either without a CT eye shield or with one of two types of shielding and topogram-based tube current modulation (TCM). The radiation dose at the eye lens was estimated using Gafchromic films.

Development of a protocol for maintaining viability while shipping organoid-derived retinal tissue.

Retinal organoid technology enables generation of an inexhaustible supply of three-dimensional retinal tissue from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for regenerative medicine applications. The high similarity of organoid-derived retinal tissue and transplantable human fetal retina provides an opportunity for evaluating and modeling retinal tissue replacement strategies in relevant animal models in the effort to develop a functional retinal patch to restore vision in patients with profound blindness caused by retinal degeneration. Because of the complexity of this very promising approach requiring specialized stem cell and grafting techniques, the tasks of retinal tissue derivation and transplantation are frequently split between geographically distant teams.

Altered expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 5 in the cornea after primary blast exposure.

Purpose: Our study aimed to determine whether the altered expression of biomarkers linked to corneal injuries, such as the edema-regulating proteins aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 (AQP1 and AQP5), occurred following primary blast exposure.

Methods: Adult male Dutch Belted rabbits were anesthetized and exposed to blast waves with peak overpressures of 142.5-164.

Comorbid conditions are a risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw unrelated to antiresorptive therapy.

Objective: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is commonly associated with antiresorptive therapy. There have been numerous reports of ONJ unrelated to antiresorptive therapy (ONJ), confounding risk assessment. This study aimed to determine if ONJ is associated with one or more particular comorbidities.

Resveratrol inhibits obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction and tumor growth in a mouse model of postmenopausal claudin-low breast cancer.

Adipose tissue dysregulation, a hallmark of obesity, contributes to a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and is associated with increased risk and progression of several breast cancer subtypes, including claudin-low breast tumors. Unfortunately, mechanistic targets for breaking the links between obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and claudin-low breast cancer growth have not been elucidated. Ovariectomized female C57BL/6 mice were randomized (n = 15/group) to receive a control diet, a diet-induced obesity (DIO) diet, or a DIO + resveratrol (0.

Adult human dermal fibroblasts exposed to nanosecond electrical pulses exhibit genetic biomarkers of mechanical stress.

Background: Exposure of cells to very short (<1 µs) electric pulses in the megavolt/meter range have been shown to cause a multitude of effects, both physical and molecular in nature. Physically, nanosecond electrical pulses (nsEP) can cause disruption of the plasma membrane, cellular swelling, shrinking and blebbing. Molecularly, nsEP have been shown to activate signaling pathways, produce oxidative stress, stimulate hormone secretion and induce both apoptotic and necrotic death.

All-optical optoacoustic microscopy based on probe beam deflection technique.

Optoacoustic (OA) microscopy using an all-optical system based on the probe beam deflection technique (PBDT) for detection of laser-induced acoustic signals was investigated as an alternative to conventional piezoelectric transducers. PBDT provides a number of advantages for OA microscopy including (i) efficient coupling of laser excitation energy to the samples being imaged through the probing laser beam, (ii) undistorted coupling of acoustic waves to the detector without the need for separation of the optical and acoustic paths, (iii) high sensitivity and (iv) ultrawide bandwidth. Because of the unimpeded optical path in PBDT, diffraction-limited lateral resolution can be readily achieved.

Evaluation of the Genetic Response of U937 and Jurkat Cells to 10-Nanosecond Electrical Pulses (nsEP).

Nanosecond electrical pulse (nsEP) exposure activates signaling pathways, produces oxidative stress, stimulates hormone secretion, causes cell swelling and induces apoptotic and necrotic death. The underlying biophysical connection(s) between these diverse cellular reactions and nsEP has yet to be elucidated. Using global genetic analysis, we evaluated how two commonly studied cell types, U937 and Jurkat, respond to nsEP exposure.

Does Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography With Computed Tomography Facilitate Treatment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw?

Purpose: There is considerable controversy over the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and growing interest and debate related to the timing, type, technique, and goals of surgical intervention. The specific aim was to evaluate the predictive value of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) on healing outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for MRONJ of the mandible.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 31 patients with 33 MRONJ lesions of the mandible who had undergone surgery using FDG PET-CT was conducted.

Characterization of Pressure Transients Generated by Nanosecond Electrical Pulse (nsEP) Exposure.

The mechanism(s) responsible for the breakdown (nanoporation) of cell plasma membranes after nanosecond pulse (nsEP) exposure remains poorly understood. Current theories focus exclusively on the electrical field, citing electrostriction, water dipole alignment and/or electrodeformation as the primary mechanisms for pore formation. However, the delivery of a high-voltage nsEP to cells by tungsten electrodes creates a multitude of biophysical phenomena, including electrohydraulic cavitation, electrochemical interactions, thermoelastic expansion, and others.