Practice Resource for Reproductive Psychiatry/Women's Mental Health in Forensic Psychiatry Practice.

This practice resource seeks to describe salient problems within reproductive psychiatry (also known as women's mental health) for the practice of forensic psychiatry. Understanding is critical and can help combat gender bias in such evaluations. Forensic psychiatric evaluations in the criminal realm, including evaluations related to neonaticide, infanticide, filicide, child abuse, and kidnapping by cesarean, require an understanding of reproductive psychiatry.

Disease activity and maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnant women with prolactinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Women with prolactinoma are usually infertile, but can conceive after surgery or treatment with dopamine agonists (DA).

Objective: To evaluate the impact of pregnancy in prolactinoma's natural course and in maternal-fetal outcomes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL.

Treatment of hyperprolactinemia in women: A Position Statement from the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (Febrasgo) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM).

Dopamine agonists are the first line of treatment for patients with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinomas and in those with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with these agents is effective in 80%-90% of the cases. Infertility treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia is also carried out with dopamine agonists, aiming for the normalization of prolactin levels.

Long-term use of clomiphene in male macroprolactinomas with persistent hypogonadism.

Background: Men with macroprolactinoma can present persistent hypogonadism despite normoprolactinemia achieved with clinical and/or neurosurgical treatment. Usually, testosterone replacement therapy is indicated. Nevertheless, although off-label, clomiphene citrate (CC), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has also been used, mainly when fertility is an issue.

Aromatase inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for male prolactinoma resistant to dopamine agonists: a retrospective cohort study and literature review.

Purpose: To assess the effect of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor (AI), in patients with resistant prolactinoma that presented an increase in serum prolactin (PRL) levels during testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary care center. From March 2012 to July 2023, 53 male patients over 18 years with prolactinoma were followed in our Neuroendocrine Unit.

Structural Aspects of the Formation of Multilayer Composites from Dissimilar Materials upon High-Pressure Torsion.

A multi-metal composite was consolidated from the TiNiCu and FeNiB alloys by room-temperature high-pressure torsion (HPT). The structural research methods used in this study were X-ray diffractometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with an electron microprobe analyzer in the mode of backscattered electrons, and the measurement of indentation hardness and modulus of the composite constituents. The structural aspects of the bonding process have been examined.

Electronic alerts for ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation not prescribed anticoagulation: A randomized, controlled trial (AF-ALERT2).

Background: Despite widely available risk stratification tools, safe and effective anticoagulants, and guideline recommendations, anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) is under-prescribed in ambulatory patients. To assess the impact of alert-based computerized decision support (CDS) on anticoagulation prescription in ambulatory patients with AF and high-risk for stroke, we conducted this randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Patients with AF and CHADSVASc score ≥ 2 who were not prescribed anticoagulation and had a clinic visit at Brigham and Women's Hospital were enrolled.

How to manage intolerance to dopamine agonist in patients with prolactinoma.

Purpose: Dopamine agonists (DA) are the gold-standard for prolactinoma and hyperprolactinemia treatment. Intolerance to DA leading to drug drop out occurs in 3 to 12% of cases. We provide here a review of published data about DA intolerance and present a case report concerning the use of intravaginal cabergoline.

The interplay between prolactin and cardiovascular disease.

Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by several conditions and its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are understood in more detail. Nevertheless, in recent decades, other metabolic effects have been studied and data pointed to a potential increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A recent study showed a decrease in total and LDL- cholesterol only in men with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists (DA) supporting the previous results of a population study with increased CVD risk in men harboring prolactinoma.

PRL-R Variants Are Not Only Associated With Prolactinomas But Also With Dopamine Agonist Resistance.

Context: Knockout prolactin receptor gene (PRL-R) mice are animal models for prolactinomas and PRL acts via autocrine/paracrine inhibiting lactotroph proliferation. Recently, variants of the PRL-R were identified in prolactinoma patients and their frequency was higher compared to individuals from the genomic database.

Objective: We analyzed PRL-R variants frequency in an extensive cohort of prolactinoma patients and evaluated their association with clinical, laboratorial, and imaging characteristics and hormonal response to cabergoline.

Determination of the thermodynamic potentials of metallic glasses and their relation to the defect structure.

We performed calorimetric and shear modulus measurements on four bulk metallic glasses upon heating up to the temperature of the complete crystallization as well as in the fully crystallized state. On the basis of calorimetric experiments, we calculated the excess thermodynamic potentials with respect to the crystalline state-the enthalpy Δ, entropy Δand Gibbs free energy ΔΦ-as functions of temperature. Using high-frequency shear modulus measurements we show that calorimetric determination of Δ, Δand ΔΦ is consistent with the calculation of these potentials within the framework of the interstitialcy theory (IT) within a 15% uncertainty in the worst case for all MGs under investigation.

Management of hypopituitarism: a perspective from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Hypopituitarism is a disorder characterized by insufficient secretion of one or more pituitary hormones. New etiologies of hypopituitarism have been recently described, including head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, and drug-induced hypophysitis. The investigation of patients with these new disorders, in addition to advances in diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism, has increased the prevalence of this condition.

QSER1 protects DNA methylation valleys from de novo methylation.

DNA methylation is essential to mammalian development, and dysregulation can cause serious pathological conditions. Key enzymes responsible for deposition and removal of DNA methylation are known, but how they cooperate to regulate the methylation landscape remains a central question. Using a knockin DNA methylation reporter, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in human embryonic stem cells to discover DNA methylation regulators.

Prolactinomas in pregnancy: considerations before conception and during pregnancy.

Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary tumors and pathological hyperprolactinemia. Therefore, women harboring prolactinomas frequently present infertility due to the gonadal axis impairment. The gold-standard treatment is dopamine agonist (DA) which can reverse hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism, and promote tumor shrinkage in the majority of cases.

A Brazilian multicentre study evaluating pregnancies induced by cabergoline in patients harboring prolactinomas.

Objective: To evaluate the maternal-fetal outcomes of CAB-induced pregnancies in patients with prolactinoma in a large cohort.

Methods: The prevalence of tumor growth, miscarriage, preterm, low birth weight, congenital malformations and impairment in neuropsychological development in children among women treated with CAB were assessed in a Brazilian multicentre retrospective observational study, RESULTS: We included 194 women with a mean age of 31 (17-45) years, 43.6% presenting microadenomas and 56.

Crystallization Features of Amorphous Rapidly Quenched High Cu Content TiNiCu Alloys upon Severe Plastic Deformation.

In recent years, the methods of severe plastic deformation and rapid melt quenching have proven to be an effective tool for the formation of the unique properties of materials. The effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) on the structure of the amorphous alloys of the quasi-binary TiNi-TiCu system with a copper content of more than 30 at.% produced by melt spinning technique has been analyzed using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Interstitial clustering in metallic systems as a source for the formation of the icosahedral matrix and defects in the glassy state.

The paper presents molecular dynamics and -statics simulations of a prototypical mono-atomic metallic system (aluminum) and its defects in the crystalline and glassy states. It is shown that there is a thermodynamic driving force for the association of dumbbell interstitials in the crystalline lattice into clusters consisting of different amounts of defects. Clusters containing seven interstitials constitute perfect icosahedra.

Filamin A and DRD2 expression in corticotrophinomas.

Purpose: Filamin A (FLNA) expression is related to dopamine receptor type 2 (DRD2) expression in prolactinomas. Nevertheless, in corticotrophinomas, there are few studies about DRD2 expression and no data on FLNA. Therefore, we evaluated FLNA and DRD2 expression in corticotrophinomas and their association with tumor characteristics.