Nivolumab and hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma: A phase 2 trial.

Background: Radiotherapy is thought to enhance anti-tumor immunity, particularly when delivered in a hypofractionated and multisite manner. Therefore, we investigated the effects of combining radiotherapy with nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma.

Methods: This was a multicenter, non-randomized, phase 2 trial that enrolled patients with treatment-naïve metastatic melanoma.

[Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head neck cancers. Should organs at risk dose constraints be revisited ?].

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy improves the outcome of locally advanced head and neck cancers and the current reference chemotherapy is cisplatin. These results are obtained at the cost of increased toxicities. To limit the risk of toxicity, organ at riskdose constraints have been established starting with 2D radiotherapy, then 3D radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

The GIRAFE phase II trial on MVCT-based "volumes of the day" and "dose of the day" addresses when and how to implement adaptive radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.

During exclusive curative radiotherapy for head and neck tumors, the patient's organs at risk (OAR) and target volumes frequently change size and shape, leading to a risk of higher toxicity and lower control than expected on planned dosimetry. Adaptive radiotherapy is often necessary but 1) tools are needed to define the optimal time for replanning, and 2) the subsequent workflow is time-consuming. We designed a prospective study to evaluate 1) the validity of automatically deformed contours on the daily MVCT, in order to safely use the "dose-of the day" tool to check daily if replanning is necessary; 2) the automatically deformed contours on the replanning CT and the time gained in the replanning workflow.

Rh-BMP-2 in distraction osteogenesis: dose effect and premature consolidation.

We asked whether locally applied recombinant-bone morphogenic protein-2 (rh-BMP-2) with a type I collagen carrier could enhance the consolidation phase in distraction osteogenesis and whether a dose effect could be reported. We performed unilateral transverse osteotomy of the tibia in 15 immature male rabbits. In Group I (five rabbits), 750 microg of rh-BMP-2 on the type I collagen sponge (Inductos, Medtronic) was locally applied on the day of osteotomy; the Group II animals (five rabbits) received 375 microg of the drug and the Group III (control group, five rabbits) had no local application.