Effect of Ultramarathon Trail Running at Sea Level and Altitude on Alveolar-Capillary Function and Lung Diffusion.

Introduction: Endurance exercise at altitude can increase cardiac output and pulmonary vascular pressure to levels that may exceed the stress tolerability of the alveolar-capillary unit. This study examined the effect of ultramarathon trail racing at different altitudes (ranging from <1000 m to between 1500 and 2700 m) on alveolar-capillary recruitment and lung diffusion.

Methods: Cardiac and lung function were examined before and after an ultramarathon in 67 runners (age: 41 ± 9 yr, body mass index: 23 ± 2 kg·m -2 , 10 females), and following 12-24 h of recovery in a subset ( n = 27).

Metabolic insights at the finish line: deciphering physiological changes in ultramarathon runners through breath VOC analysis.

Exhaustive exercise can induce unique physiological responses in the lungs and other parts of the human body. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath are ideal for studying the effects of exhaustive exercise on the lungs due to the proximity of the breath matrix to the respiratory tract. As breath VOCs can originate from the bloodstream, changes in abundance should also indicate broader physiological effects of exhaustive exercise on the body.

Reproducibility and responsiveness of airway impedance measures derived from the forced oscillation technique across different operating lung volumes.

Background: The forced oscillation technique (FOT) enables non-invasive measurement of respiratory system impedance. Limited data exists on how changes in operating lung volume (OLV) impact FOT-derived measures of airway resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs).

Objectives: This study examined the reproducibility and responsiveness of FOT-derived measures of Rrs and Xrs during simulated changes in OLV.

The severity of acute hypoxaemia determines distinct changes in intracortical and spinal neural circuits.

The purpose of this study was to examine how two common methods of continuous hypoxaemia impact the activity of intracortical circuits responsible for inhibition and facilitation of motor output, and spinal excitability. Ten participants were exposed to 2 h of hypoxaemia at 0.13 fraction of inspired oxygen ( clamping protocol) and 80% of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation ( clamping protocol) using a simulating altitude device on two visits separated by a week.

Sports Utility Vehicles: A Public Health Model of Their Climate and Air Pollution Impacts in the United Kingdom.

The emission benefits of shifting towards battery electric vehicles have so far been hampered by a trend towards sports utility vehicles (SUVs). This study assesses the current and future emissions from SUVs and their potential impact on public health and climate targets. We modelled five scenarios of varying SUV sales and electrification rates, and projected associated carbon dioxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions.

Exertional dyspnea responses to the Dyspnea Challenge in heart failure: Comparison to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: In heart failure (HF), exertional dyspnea is a common symptom, but validated field-based tests for its measurement are limited. The Dyspnea Challenge is a two-minute uphill treadmill walk designed to measure exertional dyspnea in cardiopulmonary disease.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish the test-retest reliability of the Dyspnea Challenge in HF and to compare the exercise responses to a group with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Assessing potential brief screening questions for use within different social care-related contexts to identify individuals experiencing gambling-related harms: A scoping review.

Gambling-related harms are increasingly recognised as public health concerns internationally. One response is to improve identification of and support for those affected by gambling-related harms, including individuals who gamble and those close to them, 'affected others'. Adult social care services have been identified as a setting in which screening for gambling-related harms is suitable and desirable.

Exertional Dyspnoea responses reported in the Dyspnoea Challenge and measures of disease severity in COPD.

Background: The Dyspnoea Challenge has been developed to facilitate the field-based measure of exertional dyspnoea(ED). To further validate the test, we aimed to; investigate the relationship between end-exercise ED, generated by a fixed-intensity Dyspnoea Challenge(DC), and measures of disease severity (Forced expiratory volume in 1 s(FEV), six-minute walk distance(6MWD), breathing reserve(V̇/MVV), modified medical research council dyspnoea scale (mMRC), Body-mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnoea, and Exercise (BODE index) and compare the physiological response of the DC to a six-minute walk test(6MWT).

Methods: Thirty-two individuals (15 female) with COPD (GOLD II-IV) (age: 69.

Genomic data reveal local endemism in Southern California Rubber Boas (Serpentes: Boidae, Charina) and the critical need for enhanced conservation actions.

The mountains of southern California represent unique, isolated ecosystems that support distinct high-elevation habitats found nowhere else in the area. Analyses of several moisture-dependent species across these sky-islands indicate they exist as locally endemic lineages that occur across these fragmented mountains ranges. The Rubber Boa is a semi-fossorial snake species that is widely distributed in the cooler and more moist ecoregions regions of western North America, including isolated populations across southern California mountain ranges.

Optimising the Dyspnoea Challenge: exertional dyspnoea responses to changing treadmill gradients.

Background: The Dyspnoea Challenge is a two-minute treadmill walk designed to measure exertional dyspnoea(ED). To efficiently individualise workload, we aimed to assess; 1) whether the Dyspnoea Challenge is responsive to 1% changes in treadmill gradient and 2) the minimum gradient variation necessary to generate a clinically meaningful change in ED (≥1 modified Borg scale).

Methods: Thirty individuals with COPD(GOLD II-IV) (age: 69.

Thoracic Radiotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastases: Local Control for the Management of Lung and Mediastinal Disease in the Modern Era.

Introduction/background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an alternative local therapy to metastasectomy in the treatment of thoracic metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including the management of life-threatening disease.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed patients with lung and mediastinal RCC metastases treated with RT at our institution. Overall survival (OS) and metastasis control (MC) was measured from the start of RT using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method.

Examining the repeatability of a novel test to measure exertional dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Exertional dyspnoea(ED) is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). We examined the repeatability and face validity of the end-exercise ED(ED) response during the Dyspnoea Challenge and compared those to the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in COPD.

Methods: Twenty-six individuals with COPD(13 Females, age:69 ± 5.

Simultaneous Measurement of Lung Diffusing Capacity and Pulmonary Hemodynamics Reveals Exertional Alveolar-Capillary Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background Hemodynamic perturbations in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may alter the distribution of blood in the lungs, impair gas transfer from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries, and reduce lung diffusing capacity. We hypothesized that impairments in lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL) in HFpEF would be associated with high mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressures during exercise. Methods and Results Rebreathe DL and invasive hemodynamics were measured simultaneously during exercise in patients with exertional dyspnea.

Differential impact of tumor suppressor gene (TP53, PTEN, RB1) alterations and treatment outcomes in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Background: Altered tumor suppressor genes (TSG-alt) in prostate cancer are associated with worse outcomes. The prognostic value of TSG-alt in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (M1-HSPC) is unknown. We evaluated the effects of TSG-alt on outcomes in M1-HSPC and their prognostic impact by first-line treatment.

Impact of Pharmacologically Left Shifting the Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve on Arterial Blood Gases and Pulmonary Gas Exchange During Maximal Exercise in Hypoxia.

Stewart, Glenn M., Troy J. Cross, Michael J.

Salutary Acute Effects of Exercise on Central Hemodynamics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: A warmup period of priming exercise has been shown to improve peripheral oxygen transport in older adults. We sought to determine the acute effects of priming exercise on central hemodynamics at rest and during a repeat exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods And Results: This is a post hoc analysis from 3 studies.

A taxonomically detailed and large-scale view of the factors affecting the distribution and abundance of tree species planted in private gardens of Christchurch city, New Zealand.

A city's planted trees, the great majority of which are in private gardens, play a fundamental role in shaping a city's wild ecology, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services. However, studying tree diversity across a city's many thousands of separate private gardens is logistically challenging. After the disastrous 2010-2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, over 7,000 homes were abandoned and a botanical survey of these gardens was contracted by the Government's Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA) prior to buildings being demolished.

Peripheral and pulmonary effects of inorganic nitrite during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Aims: To determine whether inorganic nitrite improves peripheral and pulmonary oxygen (O ) transport during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods And Results: Data from two invasive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with matched workload exercise of inhaled and intravenous sodium nitrite were pooled for this analysis (n = 51). Directly measured O consumption (VO ) and blood gas data were used to evaluate the effect of nitrite on skeletal muscle O conductance (Dm), VO kinetics, alveolar capillary membrane O conductance (D ), and O utilization during submaximal exercise.

Cardiac perturbations after high-intensity exercise are attenuated in middle-aged compared with young endurance athletes: diminished stress or depleted stimuli?

Strenuous exercise elicits transient functional and biochemical cardiac imbalances. Yet, the extent to which these responses are altered owing to aging is unclear. Accordingly, echocardiograph-derived left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) were assessed before (pre) and after (post) a 60-min high-intensity cycling race intervention (CRIT) in 11 young (18-30 yr) and 11 middle-aged (40-65 yr) highly trained male cyclists, matched for cardiorespiratory fitness.