Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with Severe Inhalation Injury: Multidisciplinary Burn Team Care.

Introduction: Inhalation injury is a major risk factor for mortality in burn patients via 3 primary mechanisms: airway edema and obstruction, hypoxemic respiratory failure, and pneumonia. Currently, the mainstay of treatment is supportive care to include early intubation, lung-protective or high-frequency-percussive mechanical ventilation, nebulized heparin, and aggressive pulmonary toilet. Despite these treatments, a subset of these patients progress to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for which rescue options are limited.

Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Cenobamate in Adult, Fetal, Neonatal, and Lactating Rats.

Background And Objective: Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication (ASM) approved for treatment of focal epilepsy in adults. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of cenobamate in adult and pre- and postnatal rats, including pregnant and lactating females and nursing pups.

Methods: Distribution, metabolic, and excretion profiles were determined for C-labeled and unlabeled cenobamate using liquid scintillation counting, radiochromatography, LCMS, and LCMS/MS after oral or intravenous (IV) administration.

Anticonvulsant effects of cenobamate in chemically and electrically induced seizure models in rodents.

Background: Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication used to treat partial-onset (focal) seizures. It is a molecule with one chiral center and a unique dual mechanism of action: enhancement of fast and slow inactivation of sodium channels with preferential inhibition of the persistent current and positive allosteric modulation of GABA receptor-mediated ion channels.

Aims/methods: Anticonvulsant effects of cenobamate (YKP3089; R-enantiomer), YKP3090 (S-enantiomer), and YKP1983 (racemate) were evaluated in chemically and electrically induced focal and generalized seizure models in rodents.

Winter residency and foraging of non-native round goby populations in Great Lakes tributary streams.

Investigations of winter diets and foraging in fish are rare, and less so for migratory species in the temperate zone. In the Great Lakes, the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is known to out-migrate from nearshore habitats to offshore depths in the winter months. However, in Great Lake tributaries, populations of this fish were found up to 25 km upstream during winter months.

Assessment of aerosol persistence in ICUs via low-cost sensor network and zonal models.

The COVID-19 pandemic raised public awareness about airborne particulate matter (PM) due to the spread of infectious diseases via the respiratory route. The persistence of potentially infectious aerosols in public spaces and the spread of nosocomial infections in medical settings deserve careful investigation; however, a systematic approach characterizing the fate of aerosols in clinical environments has not been reported. This paper presents a methodology for mapping aerosol propagation using a low-cost PM sensor network in ICU and adjacent environments and the subsequent development of the data-driven zonal model.

Early Peanut Introduction in Primary Care: Evaluation of a Multicomponent Intervention.

Objective: To determine whether a multicomponent intervention focused on early peanut introduction was associated with a lower peanut allergy incidence in young children.

Methods: The study cohort comprised all children born January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2018 receiving care at a large health care organization. Intervention activities occurred over 16 months and included provider educational programs, electronic health record tools, and new patient instructions.

Measuring aerosols in the operating theatre and beyond using a real-time sensor network.

The ability to measure and track aerosols in the vicinity of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 is highly desirable. At present, there is no way to measure and track, in real time, the sizes, dispersion and dilution/disappearance of aerosols that are generated by airway manipulations such as mask ventilation; tracheal intubation; bronchoscopy; dental and gastro-intestinal endoscopy procedures; or by vigorous breathing, coughing or exercise. We deployed low-cost photoelectric sensors in five operating theatres between surgical cases.

Biochemical and clinical studies of putative allergens to assess what distinguishes them from other non-allergenic proteins in the same family.

Many protein families have numerous members listed in databases as allergens; however, some allergen database entries, herein called "orphan allergens", are members of large families of which all other members are not allergens. These orphan allergens provide an opportunity to assess whether specific structural features render a protein allergenic. Three orphan allergens [Cladosporium herbarum aldehyde dehydrogenase (ChALDH), Alternaria alternata ALDH (AaALDH), and C.

Effectiveness of Intramammary Antibiotics, Internal Teat Sealants, or Both at Dry-Off in Dairy Cows: Clinical Mastitis and Culling Outcomes.

Intramammary antibiotic (AB) and internal teat sealants (TS) infusion at dry-off have been used to prevent intramammary infections (IMI) in dairy cows during the dry period and reduce the risk of mastitis during the dry period and subsequent lactation. A randomized clinal trial was completed on eight California dairy herds to estimate the effects of different dry cow therapies (AB, TS, AB + TS or None) on clinical mastitis and culling. A total of 1273 cows were randomized to one of the four treatment groups over summer and winter seasons.

Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a rapid mastitis test kit, bacterial culture, and PCR for detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and coliforms in bovine milk samples.

Our objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid and novel immunochromatography-based mastitis kit that includes 3 independent tests to detect coliforms (Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae), Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The kit was developed to facilitate diagnostic-based mastitis treatment.

Tissue remodeling by an opportunistic pathogen triggers allergic inflammation.

Different effector arms of the immune system are optimized to protect from different classes of pathogens. In some cases, pathogens manipulate the host immune system to promote the wrong type of effector response-a phenomenon known as immune deviation. Typically, immune deviation helps pathogens to avoid destructive immune responses.

Outcomes of a home telemonitoring program for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection at a large academic medical center.

Introduction: Telemedicine serves as a viable option during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide in-home care, maintain home isolation precautions, reduce unnecessary healthcare exposures, and de-burden hospitals.

Methods: We created a novel telemedicine program to closely monitor patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) at home. Adult patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the program at the time of documented infection.

Effect of cenobamate on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of multiple cytochrome P450 probes using a cocktail approach in healthy subjects.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of cenobamate, an antiseizure medication for focal seizures, on the pharmacokinetics of cytochrome P450 probes (bupropion, CYP2B6; midazolam, CYP3A4/5; warfarin, CYP2C9; and omeprazole, CYP2C19) in healthy subjects. Probes were administered alone on days 1 (bupropion) and 7 (midazolam/warfarin/omeprazole), and with cenobamate 100 mg/day on day 69 (midazolam) and cenobamate 200 mg/day on days 99 (bupropion) and 105 (midazolam/warfarin/omeprazole). No significant interaction was concluded if 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration of CYP substrates and/or their metabolites were within the no-effect interval (0.

Development of a multiplex qPCR assay for the simultaneous detection of species, and in milk.

Contagious bovine mastitis caused by and other species including , , and is an economical obstacle affecting many dairy herds throughout California and elsewhere. Routine bacteriological culture-based assays for the pathogens are slow and subject to false-positive results due to the presence of the related, non-pathogenic species . To address the need for rapid and accurate detection methods, a new TaqMan multiplex, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed that targets the 16S rRNA gene of gene of , and the 16S to 23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of .

An Initiative to Improve 30-Day Readmission Rates Using a Transitions-of-Care Clinic Among a Mixed Urban and Rural Veteran Population.

Background/objective: Hospital readmissions in the United States, especially in patients at high-risk, cost more than $17 billion annually. Although care transitions is an important area of research, data are limited regarding its efficacy, especially among rural patients. In this study, we describe a novel transitions-of-care clinic (TOCC) to reduce 30-day readmissions in a Veterans Health Administration setting that serves a high proportion of rural veterans.

Increasing face-mask compliance among healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective: Prior studies of universal masking have not measured face-mask compliance. We performed a quality improvement study to monitor and improve face-mask compliance among healthcare personnel (HCP) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design: Mixed-methods study.

Head computed tomography in suspected physical abuse: time to rethink?

Background: National guidance recommends CT-head for all children <1 year old with suspected physical abuse, and to be considered for those <2 years old to exclude abusive head trauma.

Objectives: To investigate whether this guidance is followed, and the associations between clinical presentation and CT findings, to determine whether guidance could be refined.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case note review of all children <2 years old who underwent medical assessment for suspected abuse (2009-2017).

Evaluation of the use of untargeted metabolomics in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops.

Background: The safety assessment of foods and feeds from genetically modified (GM) crops includes the comparison of key characteristics, such as crop composition, agronomic phenotype and observations from animal feeding studies compared to conventional counterpart varieties that have a history of safe consumption, often including a near isogenic variety. The comparative compositional analysis of GM crops has been based on targeted, validated, quantitative analytical methods for the key food and feed nutrients and antinutrients for each crop, as identified by Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED). As technologies for untargeted metabolomic methods have evolved, proposals have emerged for their use to complement or replace targeted compositional analytical methods in regulatory risk assessments of GM crops to increase the number of analyzed metabolites.

Plant Genome Editing and the Relevance of Off-Target Changes.

Site-directed nucleases (SDNs) used for targeted genome editing are powerful new tools to introduce precise genetic changes into plants. Like traditional approaches, such as conventional crossing and induced mutagenesis, genome editing aims to improve crop yield and nutrition. Next-generation sequencing studies demonstrate that across their genomes, populations of crop species typically carry millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms and many copy number and structural variants.

Positive allosteric modulation of GABA receptors by a novel antiepileptic drug cenobamate.

Cenobamate is a novel antiepileptic drug under investigation for use in patients with focal (partial-onset) seizures. To understand its potential molecular mechanism of action, the effects of cenobamate on GABA-mediated currents and GABA receptors in rodent hippocampal neurons were examined. Cenobamate potentiated GABA-induced currents (I) in acutely isolated CA3 pyramidal cells in a concentration-dependent manner (EC, 164 μM), which was not affected by flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.

Mass Balance, Metabolism, and Excretion of Cenobamate, a New Antiepileptic Drug, After a Single Oral Administration in Healthy Male Subjects.

Background And Objective: Cenobamate is an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. The current study was designed to assess the mass balance and the metabolic profiling of cenobamate in humans.

Methods: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of cenobamate were investigated in healthy male subjects after a single oral dose of 400 mg of cenobamate containing 50 µCi of [C]-cenobamate as capsule formulation.

Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli BL21-AI.

BL21-AI is a commercially available strain possessing a phage T7-based protein-expression system. A combination of tight regulation and high yield makes it widely used for high-level expression of toxic recombinant proteins. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of BL21-AI and provide insights on its genome.