A survey identified publication bias in the secondary literature.

Objective: To investigate the existence of publication bias in the translation of evidence from the primary to the secondary literature, using the ACP Journal Club (ACPJC) as a representative of secondary literature and Medline as a representative of primary literature.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of randomly selected randomized controlled trials of therapy published between 1994 and 2002 in English in Medline and all summaries of therapy trials published by ACPJC between the same dates. The main outcome measure was the rate of positive trials from among those trials aiming to find a difference between groups.