The first demonstration of entirely roll-to-roll fabricated perovskite solar cell modules under ambient room conditions.

The rapid development of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has resulted in laboratory-scale devices having power conversion efficiencies that are competitive with commercialised technologies. However, hybrid perovskite solar cells are yet to make an impact beyond the research community, with translation to large-area devices fabricated by industry-relevant manufacturing methods remaining a critical challenge. Here we report the first demonstration of hybrid perovskite solar cell modules, comprising serially-interconnected cells, produced entirely using industrial roll-to-roll printing tools under ambient room conditions.

An Integrated Portable Multiplex Microchip Device for Fingerprinting Chemical Warfare Agents.

The rapid and reliable detection of chemical and biological agents in the field is important for many applications such as national security, environmental monitoring, infectious diseases screening, and so on. Current commercially available devices may suffer from low field deployability, specificity, and reproducibility, as well as a high false alarm rate. This paper reports the development of a portable lab-on-a-chip device that could address these issues.

Canine olfaction and electronic nose detection of volatile organic compounds in the detection of cancer: a review.

Olfactory cancer detection shows promise as an affordable, precise, and noninvasive way to screen for cancer. This review focuses on two methods of olfactory cancer detection: first, the ability of canines to differentiate between cancerous and healthy individuals through the use of biological samples and second, electronic nose technology that uses chemical sensors to detect known biomarkers in exhaled breath. This review summarizes and critiques past research and outlines future directions to improve understanding of both canine olfaction and electronic nose technology.

Using textured PDMS to prevent settlement and enhance release of marine fouling organisms.

The antifouling efficacy of a series of 18 textured (0.2-1000 μm) and non-textured (0 μm) polydimethylsiloxane surfaces with the profiles of round- and square-wave linear grating was tested by recording the settlement of fouling organisms in the laboratory and in the field by monitoring the recruitment of a multi-species fouling community. In laboratory assays, the diatoms Nitzschia closterium and Amphora sp.

Combining a photocatalyst with microtopography to develop effective antifouling materials.

Polydimethylsiloxane surfaces textured with a square-wave linear grating profile (0, 20, 200, 300 and 600 μm), and embedded with a range of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle loadings (3.75, 7.5, 11.

Enhancing the settlement and attachment strength of pediveligers of Mytilus galloprovincialis by changing surface wettability and microtopography.

Surface wettability and microtopography can either enhance or deter larval settlement of many sessile marine organisms. This study quantifies the effect of these surface properties on the settlement of pediveligers of Mytilus galloprovincialis, using polymers spanning a range of wettability and microtextured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Furthermore, the adhesion strength of settled pediveligers on microtextured PDMS surfaces was quantified using a flow chamber.

A hand-held surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of ricin and other biological agents.

There is an ongoing need for field-deployable biosensor devices. We have constructed a fully self-contained, hand-held biosensor, based on the surface plasmon resonance technique. The dimensions of the sensor unit are 15 x 8 cm, the weight is 600 g and it is powered by a 9 V battery.

Prenatal fluoride for growth and development: Part X.

Examinations of prenatal fluoride supplemented (PNF) teeth in an animal model and in a five-month human fetus find these teeth to be more developed than the non-supplemented controls. The fact that PNF allows teeth to develop to their full potential suggests that PNF could be an essential nutrient for the entire human and this could be demonstrated most easily during rapid fetal growth. A review of the recent literature, including trials by NIH and The World Health Organization, provide evidence that fluoride (F) does allow the fetus to grow and develop to its full potential.

Analysis of workload predictions generated by multiple resource theory.

Background: During the design process, operator workload assessments sometimes require subject matter experts (SME's) to predict the amount of physical and mental demands they expect during system employment. Often, these subjective estimates are considered within the context of models that partition human capabilities into discrete resources. Such models require the SME's to rate tasks on how they affect resource consumption.

Case report: twin supernumerary maxillary central incisors, unerupted maxillary central incisors. Early orthodontic treatment in ten-year-old child.

This is the case report of a 10 year-old female Caucasian with a mixed dentition Class I right and Class II left side malocclusion and unerupted maxillary central incisors. It was necessary for the oral surgeon to remove twin supernumerary mesiodens prior to the placement of orthodontic appliances. Space was created to accommodate the customary, also unerupted central incisors, which were rotated 90 degrees to the midline.

Optimum dosage for prenatal fluoride supplementation (PNF): Part IX.

There exists such a wide margin of safety for prenatal fluoride in regard to fluorosis that 2 mg/day can be used as a simplified prenatal fluoride dosage in all areas, regardless of whether they are fluoridated. Any prenatal fluoride dosage between 1 and 4 mg/day is better than no prenatal fluoride at all.

Some physico-chemical properties of deciduous enamel of children with and without pre-natal fluoride supplementation (PNF).

Physico-chemical investigations of enamel from deciduous teeth of a small number of children with and without pre-natal fluoride supplementation (PNF) exhibited the following differences between the PNF and non-PNF enamel, with the former showing: (a) more homogeneous and less extensive patterns of acid-etching; (b) denser crystal populations in intra-prismatic regions; (c) larger prism dimensions; (d) greater total mineral density (wt%ash); (e) higher degree of crystallinity; (f) smaller a-axis dimensions; and (g) more fluoride and less carbonate contents. On the basis of these preliminary findings, further studies with larger numbers of samples would seem appropriate.

Prenatal fluoride tablet supplementation and improved molar occlusal morphology: part V.

This article is a report of an in vivo clinical study in which the relationship of sodium fluoride supplementation during pregnancy to the improved occlusal morphology of molar teeth seen in an animal model was determined. Two hundred randomly selected children composed the study population. The mothers of 100 of them had been on the prenatal supplementation (PNF) regimen and 100 whose mothers were not were found to have statistically significant differences in their occlusal molar morphology.

Induction of acalculous cholecystitis and pneumonitis in dogs following inhalation of constituents of cigarette smoke condensate.

In previous studies in this laboratory it was demonstrated that 1) constituents of the water-soluble phase of cigarette smoke condensate can activate Hageman-factor-dependent pathways of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation; and 2) that in vivo activation of Hageman-factor-dependent pathways by intravenous injection of plant polyphenols in dogs and AFrican Green monkeys can induce acute acalculous cholecystitis and alveolitis. The purpose of this communication is to report that inhalation of the water-soluble, nondialyzable constituents of cigarette smoke condensate, or "tar," can activate Hageman-factor-dependent pathways in the dog and induce acute acalculous cholecystitis, pneumonitis, and the formation of thrombi in branches of pulmonary vessels.

Fluoride tablet supplementation during pregnancy for caries immunity: a study of the offspring produced.

Evidence continues to accumulate that the fetal nutritional need for the mineral fluoride begins early in pregnancy and that tablet supplementation is required during the last two trimesters to supply that need, since fluoridated water alone during pregnancy is not sufficient. This study of 492 children confirms the safety and efficacy of using a sodium fluoride tablet supplement, by means of which the obstetrician can help his pregnant patients produce children with superior teeth that are immune to decay.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis. An increasing entity.

Acute acalculous cholecystitis was observed to increase in frequency between 1950 and 1979, an increase that was statistically significant. The greatest part of this increase occurred between 1965 and 1979. Acute acalculous cholecystitis was also found to be associated with a higher mortality rate, more than twice that of acute calculous cholecystitis.

Biliary enteric fistula.

From 1932 to 1978, 105 patients with biliary enteric fistulas are reported upon from The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. During this 46 year period, 11,808 patients were operated upon for nonmalignant biliary tract disease, representing an incidence of biliary enteric fistulas of 0.9 per cent.