A Complete Assembly and Annotation of the American Shad Genome Yields Insights into the Origins of Diadromy.

Transitions across ecological boundaries, such as those separating freshwater from the sea, are major drivers of phenotypic innovation and biodiversity. Despite their importance to evolutionary history, we know little about the mechanisms by which such transitions are accomplished. To help shed light on these mechanisms, we generated the first high-quality, near-complete assembly and annotation of the genome of the American shad (Alosa sapidissima), an ancestrally diadromous (migratory between salinities) fish in the order Clupeiformes of major cultural and historical significance.

Interventions to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness: Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2020-May 11, 2023.

To compare the incidence, case-hospitalization rates, and vaccination rates of COVID-19 between people experiencing sheltered homelessness (PESH) and the broader community in Chicago, Illinois, and describe the impact of a whole community approach to disease mitigation during the public health emergency. Incidence of COVID-19 among PESH was compared with community-wide incidence using case-based surveillance data from March 1, 2020, to May 11, 2023. Seven-day rolling means of COVID-19 incidence were assessed for the overall study period and for each of 6 distinct waves of COVID-19 transmission.

NPCC4: New York City climate risk information 2022-observations and projections.

New York City (NYC) faces many challenges in the coming decades due to climate change and its interactions with social vulnerabilities and uneven urban development patterns and processes. This New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC) report contributes to the Panel's mandate to advise the city on climate change and provide timely climate risk information that can inform flexible and equitable adaptation pathways that enhance resilience to climate change. This report presents up-to-date scientific information as well as updated sea level rise projections of record.

Current practices for refractory chylothorax following congenital heart surgery.

Introduction: Chylothorax following paediatric cardiac surgery is associated with significant morbidity, particularly those that are refractory to conservative therapy. It is our impression that there is important variability in the medical, surgical, and interventional therapies used to manage refractory chylothorax between congenital heart programmes. We therefore conducted a survey study of current practices for managing refractory chylothorax.

Use of Broadband Personality Tests in Bariatric Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Studies have reported significant associations between personality scales of broadband psychometric testing to bariatric surgical outcomes; however, the literature falls short in outlining how these instruments can be best utilized to optimize weight loss milestones after surgery. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze the literature utilizing broadband personality tests in the bariatric surgical population with relation to weight loss outcomes to identify gaps in research and summarize results to guide American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery practices and future research.

Methods: Six databases were searched for broadband personality assessments, bariatric surgery, and weight loss outcomes terms.

Unanticipated Characteristics of a Selective, Potent Neuromedin-U Receptor 2 Agonist.

Neuromedin-U (NMU) mediates several physiological functions via its two cognate receptors, NMUR1 and NMUR2. Disentangling the individual roles of each receptor has largely been undertaken through the use of transgenic mice bearing a deletion in one of the two receptors or by testing native molecules (NMU or its truncated version NMU-8) in a tissue-specific manner, in effect, taking advantage of the distinct receptor expression profiles. These strategies have proved quite useful despite the inherent limitations of overlapping receptor roles and potential compensatory influences of germline gene deletion.

MLA Colleague Connection: a transition to a virtual mentoring program.

Background: Since 2003, the MLA Membership Committee has facilitated an in-person mentoring program called Colleague Connection at the annual meeting. The program hinged on meeting attendance, so members who could not attend were excluded. The 2020 virtual meeting created an opportunity to rethink the Colleague Connection experience.

Alcohol Use and the Risk of Colorectal Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Mapping Review.

The consumption of alcohol has long been associated with the development of liver disease as well as cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). Leading healthcare concerns include the prevalent use of alcohol and the high burden of CRC mortality. Many CRC deaths are attributed to the development of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) as the liver is the foremost site of CRC spread.

Developing and Evaluating a School-Based Tobacco and E-Cigarette Prevention Program for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Youth.

School-based programs are an important tobacco prevention tool. Yet, existing programs are not suitable for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) youth. Moreover, little research has examined the use of the full range of tobacco products and related knowledge in this group.

Interventions Associated With Racial and Ethnic Diversity in US Graduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review.

Importance: Racially and ethnically minoritized individuals remain underrepresented in graduate medical education relative to their proportion in the population. While many programs and initiatives have been developed to address this problem, there is little consensus regarding strategies that work to improve representation across specialties.

Objective: To examine and synthesize evidence-based practices that have been used to increase the proportions of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) trainees at US residency and fellowship programs.

Soft Tissue Dermal Filler-Associated Necrosis and Impending Necrosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: Cosmetic soft tissue fillers are a popular minimally invasive procedure. Necrosis is a rare yet devastating complication of soft tissue fillers. To date, the relationship between soft tissue fillers and necrosis has not been fully described.

Range-wide sources of variation in reproductive rates of northern spotted owls.

We conducted a range-wide investigation of the dynamics of site-level reproductive rate of northern spotted owls using survey data from 11 study areas across the subspecies geographic range collected during 1993-2018. Our analytical approach accounted for imperfect detection of owl pairs and misclassification of successful reproduction (i.e.

Seeking Out Social Learning: Online Self-Education in Parents of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Supportive, informed parenting is critical to improve outcomes of children who experience intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Parents want to learn about their child's condition, needs, and strategies to improve family life. The internet is a valuable resource, but how parents evaluate and apply information is unknown.

Successfully Reducing Fat-modified Diet Duration for Treating Postoperative Chylothorax in Children.

Background: Medical management, primarily a fat-modified diet (FMD), is the mainstay of treatment for most patients with chylothorax. Duration of FMD is traditionally reported as 6 weeks, but no studies have demonstrated the shortest effective duration that prevents recurrence of chylothorax. The aim of this study was to decrease FMD duration to 2 weeks in children with postoperative chylothorax without a significant increase in recurrence.

Associations with COVID-19 Symptoms, Prevention Interest, and Testing Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in a Diverse National Sample.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) and racial/ethnic minority populations may differ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention, testing, and vaccine interest, although little research has explored these disparities. It is critical to understand the differential experiences within minoritized communities to ensure effective intervention and vaccine rollout. In a national online survey of U.

Genetic Variants at the rs4720169 Locus of and the rs12921862 Locus of May Increase the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in the Mexican Population: A Pilot Study.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of birth defects and a major cause of infant mortality. Although knowledge of genetic risk variants for CHDs is scarce, most cases of CHDs are considered to be due to multifactorial inheritance. To analyze the association of 14 single nucleotide polymorphic variants previously associated with a risk of CHDs in a Mexican population with isolated CHDs.

Conservation planning for species recovery under the Endangered Species Act: A case study with the Northern Spotted Owl.

The northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1990.

The mitochondrial genome of the planorbid snail .

The complete mitochondrial genome of a freshwater planorbid snail, (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was recovered from assembly of genomic sequences generated with the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. The mitogenome (14,217 base pairs) is AT rich (72.69%) and comprises 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal subunit genes, and 22 transfer RNAs.

Could vesicular transport of Na+ and Cl- be a feature of salt tolerance in halophytes?

Background: Halophytes tolerate external salt concentrations of 200 mm and more, accumulating salt concentrations of 500 mm and more in their shoots; some, recretohalophytes, excrete salt through glands on their leaves. Ions are accumulated in central vacuoles, but the pathway taken by these ions from the outside of the roots to the vacuoles inside the cells is poorly understood. Do the ions cross membranes through ion channels and transporters or move in vesicles, or both? Vesicular transport from the plasma membrane to the vacuole would explain how halophytes avoid the toxicity of high salt concentrations on metabolism.

Application and Comparison of the MODIS-Derived Enhanced Vegetation Index to VIIRS, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI Platforms: A Case Study in the Arid Colorado River Delta, Mexico.

The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is a key Earth science parameter used to assess vegetation, originally developed and calibrated for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. With the impending decommissioning of the MODIS sensors by the year 2020/2022, alternative platforms will need to be used to estimate EVI. We compared Landsat 5 (2000⁻2011), 8 (2013⁻2016) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS; 2013⁻2016) to MODIS EVI (2000⁻2016) over a 420,083-ha area of the arid lower Colorado River Delta in Mexico.