Management of common mental disorders should take place in primary health or specialized care? Clinical decisions of psychiatrists from Latin American countries.

Objective: The objective of our study was to explore clinical decisions of psychiatrists regarding the management of common mental disorders in primary care (PC) in four Latin Americans countries, through the application of clinical vignettes.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted a self-administered online questionnaire survey of psychiatrists from Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, and Chile. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic and professional information.

Screening for Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Adults With Down Syndrome: A Novel Approach Using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly.

Objective: The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a diagnostic tool to screen for dementia in aging individuals with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 92 individuals with DS 30 y or above of age) evaluated with the IQCODE. Using the informant questionnaire of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down's Syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities, we divided the subjects into 3 diagnostic groups: stable cognition; prodromal dementia; and dementia.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome and Its Impact on Caregiver Distress.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are non-cognitive manifestations common to dementia and other medical conditions, with important consequences for the patient, caregivers, and society. Studies investigating NPS in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and dementia are scarce.

Objective: Characterize NPS and caregiver distress among adults with DS using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).

Amnestic and non-amnestic symptoms of dementia: An international study of Alzheimer's disease in people with Down's syndrome.

Unlabelled: The presence of age-related neuropathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with Down syndrome (DS) is well-established. However, the early symptoms of dementia may be atypical and appear related to dysfunction of prefrontal circuitry.

Objective: To characterize the initial informant reported age-related neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia in people with DS, and their relationship to AD and frontal lobe function.

Frontal-subcortical behaviors during Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome.

There is evidence that frontal-subcortical circuits play an important role in the initial presentation of dementia in Down syndrome (DS), including changes in behavior, a decline in working memory and executive dysfunction. We evaluated 92 individuals with DS (≥30 years of age), divided into 3 groups by diagnosis-stable cognition, prodromal dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Each individual was evaluated with an executive protocol developed for people with intellectual disabilities and was rated for behaviors related to frontal lobe dysfunction (disinhibition, executive dysfunction, and apathy) by an informant using the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale.

The validity and reliability of the CAMDEX-DS for assessing dementia in adults with Down syndrome in Brazil.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease occurs at a higher prevalence and an earlier age in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) than typically developing individuals. However, diagnosing dementia in individuals with intellectual disability remains a challenge due to pre-existing cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down's syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disabilities (CAMDEX-DS) for individuals with DS.