Learning from public health practice: the development of a library of community-centered practice examples.

Background: Valuable learning derived from public health practice can be captured through practice-based case studies, also known as practice examples. Practice examples of participatory interventions supplement the evidence base by providing information on the complexities of implementation in communities. This paper reports on a Public Health England project to build a bank of community-centered practice examples based on robust processes of collection and curation.

Effectiveness of digital interventions to improve household and community infection prevention and control behaviours and to reduce incidence of respiratory and/or gastro-intestinal infections: a rapid systematic review.

Background: Digital interventions have potential to efficiently support improved hygiene practices to reduce transmission of COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the evidence for digital interventions to improve hygiene practices within the community.

Methods: We reviewed articles published between 01 January 2000 and 26 May 2019 that presented a controlled trial of a digital intervention to improve hygiene behaviours in the community.

Metastatic Prostate Cancer: An Update on Treatments and a Review of Patient Symptom Management.

Background: Available treatment options have improved overall survival and contributed to delayed progression, but metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable. Treatment strategies are based on disease progression assessed by a combination of biochemical, radiographic, and symptomatic changes.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to review metastatic prostate cancer, symptoms representing disease progression, disease treatments, and symptom management.

Prescription switching: Rationales and risks.

Background: Therapeutic drug switching is commonplace across a broad range of indications and, within a drug class, is often facilitated by the availability of multiple drugs considered equivalent. Such treatment changes are often considered to improve outcomes via better efficacy or fewer side effects, or to be more cost-effective. Drug switching can be both appropriate and beneficial for several reasons; however, switching can also be associated with negative consequences.

Tibiofibula Transposition in High-Energy Fractures.

We report two cases of failed attempts at closed reduction of high-energy tibial fractures with an associated fibula fracture. The first case was a 39-year-old male involved in high-speed motorbike collision, while the second was a 14-year-old male who injured his leg following a fall of three metres. Emergency medical services at the scenes of the accidents reported a 90-degree valgus deformity of the injured limb and both limbs were realigned on scene and stabilized.

A computer-aided drug discovery system for chemistry teaching.

The Schools Malaria Project (http://emalaria.soton.ac.

Bringing chemical data onto the Semantic Web.

Present chemical data storage methodologies place many restrictions on the use of the stored data. The absence of sufficient high-quality metadata prevents intelligent computer access to the data without human intervention. This creates barriers to the automation of data mining in activities such as quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling.

Narcolepsy caused by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Background: Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by a selective loss of hypocretin-producing neurons, but narcolepsy can also result from hypothalamic and rostral brainstem lesions.

Patient: We describe a 38-year-old woman with severe daytime sleepiness, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and bilateral delayed visual evoked potentials. Her multiple sleep latency test results demonstrated short sleep latencies and 4 sleep-onset rapid eye movement sleep periods, and her cerebrospinal fluid contained a low concentration of hypocretin.

Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis because of cryptogenic myelitis. Remission with carbamazepine and the pathogenetic role of altered sodium channels.

Lesions of the spinal cord causing paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis are rare and most of the reported cases have been because of multiple sclerosis. We now describe this movement disorder occurring in a patient who developed a myelitis of unknown aetiology. A typically striking remission followed treatment with carbamazepine.

Episodic cervical dystonia associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux. A case of adult-onset Sandifer syndrome.

Sandifer syndrome is a dystonic movement disorder described in children with severe gastro-oesophageal reflux. We now report a patient who had the features of Sandifer syndrome first developing in adult life. Onset of dystonic episodes followed closely the occurrence of a Bell's palsy, while symptoms of peptic oesophagitis had been present for several months beforehand.

Multiple infarcts in a patient with cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: CT and MRI.

Phaeohyphomycosis is an uncommon disorder caused by a variety of saprophytic fungi having distinctive morphologic features. Central nervous system infection typically occurs in the absence of predisposing factors and usually manifest symptoms and signs of abscess formation. We describe an otherwise healthy young man whose presentation with cerebral phaeohyphomycosis was subacute meningitis and stroke.

Syringomyelia complicating syphilitic spinal meningitis: a case report.

An association between syringomyelia and spinal syphilis was described in the early literature but has not been the subject of reports subsequently. We give details of a contemporary case, affirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient showed significant clinical recovery following penicillin treatment, while the imaging appearances became less pronounced.

Dysfunction of sensory nerves during attacks of hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Reversible electrophysiologic abnormalities of sensory nerve function were found by chance in three patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis, a disorder previously considered to affect the function of muscle membranes only. A formal, prospective study was therefore conducted. Serial nerve conduction studies were done in ten additional patients.

MRI of the spinal cord in myelopathy complicating vitamin B12 deficiency: two additional cases and a review of the literature.

Focal spinal cord lesions have been present in all previously reported cases of MRI appearances in myelopathy complicating vitamin B12 deficiency. We describe two further cases showing mild atrophy only and review the salient features of the previous 11 publications. MRI findings reflect quite closely the known pathological changes in this condition.

Intrathecal synthesis of IgG in benign intracranial hypertension: a re-examination.

In a previous retrospective study, 4 of 9 patients with benign intracranial hypertension were unexpectedly positive for intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin (Ig) G by quantitative measurement (log IgG index). This was remarkable as the only disease among many studied that showed such a discrepancy. A further study was done, now prospectively.

The syndrome of painful legs and moving toes.

The clinical presentation, symptoms, and signs in 20 new patients with the painful legs and moving toes syndrome are presented. Painful legs and moving toes may develop in the setting of spinal cord and cauda equina trauma, lumbar root lesions, injuries to bony or soft tissues of the feet, and peripheral neuropathy. In 4 of the 20 cases in the present study, no definite cause was found.

Predicting height from arm measurements.

Height measurement is required to standardize measures of physical capacity (e.g., pulmonary function) and to adjust drug dosage in the physically disabled.

Simplified technique for scapulocostal fusion in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.

Surgical stabilization of the scapula by a simplified technique is suggested. An average gain of nearly 30 degrees in both shoulder abduction and flexion with elimination of scapular winging resulted. In all cases, this allowed elevation of the arm above the head, with concomitant improvement in activities of daily living (ADL).