Poly-Gamma-Glutamic Acid Secretion Protects Bacillus subtilis from Zinc and Copper Intoxication.

Zinc and copper are essential micronutrients that serve as a cofactors for numerous enzymes. However, when present at elevated concentrations, zinc and copper are highly toxic to bacteria. To combat the effects of zinc and copper excess, bacteria have evolved a wide array of defense mechanisms.

Measuring visual electrophysiological responses in individuals with low-functioning autism: a feasibility and pilot study.

Background: Although visual abnormalities are considered common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders, the associated electrophysiological markers have remained elusive. One impediment has been that methodological challenges often preclude testing individuals with low-functioning autism (LFA).

Methods: In this feasibility and pilot study, we tested a hybrid visual evoked potential paradigm tailored to individuals with LFA that combines passively presented visual stimuli to elicit scalp-recorded evoked responses with a behavioral paradigm to maintain visual attention.

Pelvic floor muscle training alone or in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis. A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow up.

Objective: To compare the results of the standard urotherapy alone and associated with pelvic floor muscle training alone, and in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

Methods: A total of 38 children aged 5 to 10 years were randomized into three groups: Group I (n=12) that was submitted to standard urotherapy; Group II (n=15), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training; and Group III (n=11), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training and oxybutynin; the treatment lasted 12 weeks. The assessment tools used were playful bladder diary, and a 48-hour bladder diary, before and after treatment.

A case of posterior cortical atrophy with vertical neglect.

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a syndrome caused by a neurodegenerative disease that often presents with visuospatial deficits, and can be debilitating. PCA is often characterized by elements of Balint's syndrome and dyslexia. The most common underlying pathology has been found to be Alzheimer's disease.

Subclinical cerebrovascular disease inversely associates with learning ability: The NOMAS.

Objective: Memory has been examined in subjects with imaging markers of cerebrovascular disease, but learning has been less well studied. We examined the relationship among subclinical cerebrovascular disease, cerebral volumes, and verbal learning in an ethnically and racially diverse community sample.

Methods: A clinically stroke-free subset of Northern Manhattan Study participants underwent cognitive testing and brain MRI with quantification of white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and total cerebral volume (TCV) using semiautomated segmentation.

Is there any change in pelvic floor electromyography during the first 6 months after radical retropubic prostatectomy?

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to determine electromyographic pelvic floor muscles activity during the first 6 months post RRP and its relationship to urinary continence. Thirty-eight men (mean age of 63.1 ± 5.

Flexible phosphor sensors: a digital supplement or option to rigid sensors.

An increasing number of dental practices are upgrading from film radiography to digital radiography, for reasons that include faster image processing, easier image access, better patient education, enhanced data storage, and improved office productivity. Most practices that have converted to digital technology use rigid, or direct, sensors. Another digital option is flexible phosphor sensors, also called indirect sensors or phosphor storage plates (PSPs).

Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia and is responsible for significant individual morbidity and mortality, and economic impact on the health care system. Neurodegeneration (including neuronal atrophy and/or loss) are attributed to extraneuronal toxic amyloid oligomers and proteins, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau, region-specific diminished cerebral glucose metabolism, synaptic dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Several of these pathologic changes may occur decades before symptom onset, leaving ample time for implementing prevention strategies that target the earliest stages of the disease.

Chronic type II diabetes mellitus leads to changes in neuropeptide Y receptor expression and distribution in human myocardial tissue.

Neuropeptide Y is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the myocardium, and is known to influence cardiovascular remodeling. We hypothesized that diabetic neuropathy could possibly be associated with altered neuropeptide Y and its receptor expression levels in myocardium and plasma. Plasma neuropeptide Y levels in diabetic (n=24, HgbA1c 7.

Parenting after the death of a spouse.

The death of a spouse is a complicated experience in a family. Understanding the circumstances of the loss is part of the family's healing process. The current qualitative phenomenological study builds on the existing studies by focusing on the lived experience of parents as they transition to single parenthood.

The odontology victim identification skill assessment system.

Mass fatality identification efforts involving forensic odontology can involve hundreds of dental volunteers. A literature review was conducted and forensic odontologists and dental educators consulted to identify lessons learned from past mass fatality identification efforts. As a result, the authors propose a skill assessment system, the Odontology Victim Identification Skill Assessment System (OVID-SAS), which details qualifications required to participate on the Antemortem, Postmortem, Ante/Postmortem Comparison, Field, and Shift Leader/Initial Response Teams.

Treating white spots: new caries infiltration technique.

My patients have appreciated receiving minimally invasive cosmetic enhancement without anesthesia, drilling, or more expensive restorations. Because caries infiltration prevents lesion progression, it prolongs the life of the tooth and provides a "simple" solution for patients who are known for poor compliance. Undoubtedly, this innovative material and technique will help many patients avoid many more rigorous and invasive restorative procedures.

Effect of hypercholesterolemia on myocardial necrosis and apoptosis in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is prevalent in patients who experience myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR). We investigate the impact of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia on the myocardium in the setting of acute IR.

Methods And Results: In normocholesterolemic (NC, n=7) and hypercholesterolemic (HC, n=7) Yucatan male pigs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 120 minutes.

Effect of hydrogen sulfide in a porcine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion: comparison of different administration regimens and characterization of the cellular mechanisms of protection.

Objective: We investigate the impact of different regimens of parenteral hydrogen sulfide (H2S) administration on myocardium during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and the molecular pathways involved in its cytoprotective effects.

Methods: Eighteen male Yorkshire pigs underwent 60 minutes of mid-left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Pigs received either placebo (control, n = 6) or H2S as a bolus (bolus group, n = 6, 0.

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with hyperactive cardiac mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling.

Nutritional excess and hyperlipidemia increase the heart's susceptibility to ischemic injury. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls the cellular response to nutritional status and may play a role in ischemic injury. To explore the effect of hypercholesterolemia on cardiac mTOR signaling, we assessed mTOR signaling in hypercholesterolemic swine (HC) that are also susceptible to increased cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Effect of thrombin fragment (TP508) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hypercholesterolemic pigs.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs frequently in the setting of hypercholesterolemia. We investigated the potential efficacy of a novel thrombin fragment (TP508) on IR injury in a hypercholesterolemic porcine model. Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic male Yucatan pigs underwent 60 min of mid-left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion.

A proposed set of ethical practice guidelines in the assessment and treatment of pelvic floor disorders.

The treatment of pelvic floor disorders using biofeedback, behavioral therapies, and other applied psychophysiological treatments has been well documented as effective. Practitioners must take due care to ensure that they practice within the boundaries of what is common practice for their discipline and within the scope of practice allowed by their professional license as outlined by the appropriate state licensing law(s), the ethical principles and practice guidelines and standards for their discipline, and those of the Association of Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback if using a biofeedback assessment or treatment. Being competent to provide a particular treatment does not necessarily make it legal and/or ethical.

Surgical and behavioral treatments for vestibulodynia: two-and-one-half year follow-up and predictors of outcome.

Objective: To estimate whether treatment gains for provoked vestibulodynia participants randomly assigned to vestibulectomy, biofeedback, and cognitive-behavioral therapy in a previous study would be maintained from the last assessment-a 6-month follow-up-to the present 2.5-year follow-up. Although all three treatments yielded significant improvements at 6-month follow-up, vestibulectomy resulted in approximately twice the pain reduction as compared with the two other treatments.