Investigation of antibacterial mode of action of ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones by NMR-based metabolomics and molecular docking.

Introduction: The knowledge of the mode of action of an antimicrobial is essential for drug development and helps to fight against bacterial resistance. Thus, it is crucial to use analytical techniques to study the mechanism of action of substances that have potential to act as antibacterial agents OBJECTIVE: To use NMR-based metabolomics combined with chemometrics and molecular docking to identify the metabolic responses of Staphylococcus aureus following exposure to commercial antibiotics and some synthesized ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones.

Methods: Intracellular metabolites of S.

Cytotoxicity of norstictic acid derivatives, a depsidone from Nyl.

Structural modifications in lichen phenolic compounds have been one of the tools to potentiate their biological activity. In the present work, seven alkyl derivatives of norstictic acid were prepared and evaluated against eight cell lines. Norstictic acid was isolated from the lichen and the alkyl derivatives were obtained through reactions with alcohols.

Linseed, Baru, and Coconut Oils: NMR-Based Metabolomics, Leukocyte Infiltration Potential In Vivo, and Their Oil Characterization. Are There Still Controversies?

Different fatty acid proportions produce potential inflammatory and metabolic changes in organisms. However, the evidence for how each fatty acid mediates the metabolic pathway, and its lipid stability remains controversial. To resolve this controversy, the present study investigated the metabolic effects of cold-pressed linseed (LG), coconut (CG), and baru (BG) oils in comparison to those of soybean oil (SG) in mice, in terms of their oil characterization and stability.

NMR-based metabolomics of dried berries in comparison with dietary supplements.

Consumption of dried berries is increasing worldwide due to their health benefits. This popularity has introduced berry-based supplements as an easier way to take in berry nutrients. The chemical composition of six dried berries (blueberry, cranberry, goji berry, golden berry, maqui berry, and raspberry) were compared to their berry-based supplements by metabolomics using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

Vegetable oils: Are they true? A point of view from ATR-FTIR, H NMR, and regiospecific analysis by C NMR.

Problems related to oil authenticity make it difficult to obtain the benefits associated with each type of vegetable oil. Fraudulent practices have been revealed by several targeted and nontargeted methods. In this paper, spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, H NMR, and C NMR) were applied to determine the chemical profiles of 23 Brazilian commercial vegetable oils obtained from five different high-value aggregated matrices (andiroba, babassu, baru, castor, and sweet almond oils) and investigate their adulteration, by comparison with the corresponding reference samples.

Spectral profiles of commercial omega-3 supplements: an exploratory analysis by ATR-FTIR and H NMR.

Most of the population is dependent on supplemental products to reach the recommended level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) intake. Thus, knowledge about the quality of ω-3 supplements is important for their safe consumption. In this work, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were applied to assess the quality of fourteen commercial ω-3 supplements.

Sodium quantitation in soft drinks: A rapid methodology by qNMR.

High sodium dietary intake has a positive association with an increase in blood pressure and can be correlated with risk factors of disease. Considering that the World Health Organization recommends a sodium intake lower than 2 g day for adults, the hidden sodium content in processed foods is an important factor that compromises the assessment of a healthy diet. Accordingly, the present paper aimed to quantitate the sodium content of conventional soft drinks and their diet versions using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a quantitative analytical technique ( Na qNMR).

Metabolic response of soybean plants to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection.

White mold is a disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a highly destructive necrotrophic pathogen that infects soybean crops, among others. Usually, the infection triggers the plant defense system to minimize the damages. However, the effects of the infection on soybean plant metabolism are still unclear.

NMR-based and chemometric approaches applicable to adulteration studies for assessment of the botanical origin of edible oils.

The health benefits of edible oils, especially promoted by ω3 and ω9 fatty acids, have been associated with their botanical origin. In order to investigate fatty acid profiles, we assessed Brazil nut, chia, linseed, sesame (toasted and raw), and soybean oils by H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) and chemometrics. PCA plots revealed important relationships between chemical composition and botanical origin for reference and commercial samples.

Toward Precision Nutrition: Commercial Infant Formulas and Human Milk Compared for Stereospecific Distribution of Fatty Acids Using Metabolomics.

Precision nutrition and nutrimetabolomics are emerging omics technology applications in public health. In this context, the infant formula (IF) is a manufactured foodstuff that aims to match the composition of human milk (HM), especially the lipid profile. The IF manufacturers have achieved relative success in matching the predominant fatty acid (FAs) profiles, but the stereospecific structures of the triacylglycerides in HM require deeper analyses with system sciences.

Qualitative and quantitative control of pediatric syrups using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and chemometrics.

Several flavoring and sweetening agents added to excipient of pediatric syrups are not declared in the package leaflet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a non-target, simple, and precise method for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of pediatric syrups using NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. This approach allowed the identification of several added compounds as citric acid, cyclamate, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, saccharin, sorbitol, fructose, glucose, and sucrose.

Metabolic Study of Dioecy in Mauritia flexuosa: NMR-based and Chemometric Approaches.

Introduction: Mauritia flexuosa is a dioecious species native to the Amazon, and the gender identification can currently be determined through the differentiation between female and male flowers in the first flowering.

Objectives: To identify variations in the metabolome profiles of pooled and individual samples of leaves from female and male plants of M. flexuosa in reproductive phase, and the plant in its vegetative phase, using two extraction systems.

NMR-based approach reveals seasonal metabolic changes in mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.).

Ilex paraguariensis (mate) is a species native to South America and is widely consumed in countries such Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. Mate consumption is associated with several phytotherapeutic functions, in addition to its cultural and regional importance. However, the harvest period can affect the properties of the mate, due to variations in the constituent proportions, as a consequence of seasonal changes.

Ethanol determination in frozen fruit pulps: an application of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance.

This study reports the chemical composition of five types of industrial frozen fruit pulps (acerola, cashew, grape, passion fruit and pineapple fruit pulps) and compares them with homemade pulps at two different stages of ripening. The fruit pulps were characterized by analyzing their metabolic profiles and determining their ethanol content using quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR). In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract more information from the NMR data.

NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Huanglongbing-Asymptomatic and -Symptomatic Citrus Trees.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most severe diseases that affects citrus trees worldwide and is associated with the yet uncultured bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp. To assess the metabolomic differences between HLB-asymptomatic and -symptomatic tissues, extracts from leaf and root samples taken from a uniform 6-year-old commercial orchard of Valencia trees were subjected to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and chemometrics. The results show that the symptomatic trees had higher sucrose content in their leaves and no variation in their roots.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in gas and particle phases and source determination in atmospheric samples from a semiurban area of Dourados, Brazil.

A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) procedure that employs a PDMS/DVB fiber was developed for the analysis of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) collected in polyurethane foam (PUF) by gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry. The method exhibited good linearity (R (2) > 0.99) and repeatability (4.

HR-MAS NMR metabolomics of 'Swingle' citrumelo rootstock genetically modified to overproduce proline.

The accumulation of proline is a typical physiological response to abiotic stresses in higher plants. 'Swingle' citrumelo, an important rootstock for citrus production, has been modified with a mutated Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase gene (VaP5CSF129A) linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to induce the overproduction of free proline. This paper presents a comparative metabolomic study of nontransgenic versus transgenic 'Swingle' citrumelo plants with high endogenous proline.

Distinction between a transgenic and a conventional common bean genotype by 1H HR-MAS NMR.

In this work, it is proposed a methodology which allows to differentiate a conventional and a specific transgenic common beans, grown in greenhouse or under field conditions, based on modifications in chemical composition using (1)H HR-MAS NMR. It is demonstrated that the influence of typical variables from field planting conditions had no significant influence on the ability to set apart transgenic from conventional. This methodology was corroborated by multivariate data analysis of the (1)H NMR and IR spectra.

Cytotoxic evaluation of phenolic compounds from lichens against melanoma cells.

Atranorin, lichexanthone, and the (+)-usnic, diffractaic, divaricatic, perlatolic, psoromic, protocetraric, and norstictic acids isolated from the lichens Parmotrema dilatatum (VAIN.) HALE, Usnea subcavata MOTYKA, Usnea sp., Ramalina sp.

Increment of antimycobaterial activity on lichexanthone derivatives.

A new dihydropyranexanthone derived from the natural xanthone lichexanthone (1) was synthesised and, together with other 18 derivatives including ω-bromo and ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones (containing methyl, ethyl, propyl, tertbutylamino and piperidinyl moieties), were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nine ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones showed good antimycobacterial activity, and their in vitro cytotoxicity was determined using VERO cells in order to calculate the selectivity index (SI). One of these nitrogenated xanthone derivatives showed very promising results, with MIC of 2.