Claudin-4 Expression Is Associated With Disease-Free Survival in Breast Carcinoma-in-Situ: Mean Follow-up of 8.2 Years.

Introduction: Claudins are tight junctions associated with breast cancer prognosis. The claudin-low intrinsic subtype of invasive carcinoma is associated with high-grade carcinoma, low junction molecule expression, and worse response to chemotherapy. However, it is not known whether the expression of claudins may provide clues as to carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) prognosis.

Assessment of the Cancer Risk of the Fat-Grafted Breast in a Murine Model.

Background: The results of experimental studies indicate that grafting of autologous adipose tissue may induce tumorigenesis at the recipient site, but clinical results do not support a carcinogenic effect of fat grafting to the breast.

Objectives: The authors assessed cancer risk following transplantation of autologous fat into murine mammary tissue.

Methods: In this animal study, mammary tissues from 54 breasts of 9 female rats were either grafted with autologous subcutaneous fat, grafted with autologous omental fat, or unmanipulated.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and p53 protein expression are interdependent in breast cancer but not associated with clinico-pathological surrogate subtypes, tumor aggressiveness and patient survival.

Unlabelled: In the last decade, different molecular subtypes of breast cancer have been proposed. Although displaying appreciable association with disease prognosis and the prognostic value of cytotoxic and endocrine therapeutic modalities, the subtypes seem to fail at completely explaining disease behavior and response to treatment. Molecules such as those of the cyclocooxigenase (COX) family, currently composed of three entities (COX 1, 2 and 3) have been shown to be associated with breast carcinogenesis, and the analysis of p53 expression in breast tumors may also offer some additional prognostic clues.

Prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in breast cancer.

PD-L1 and PD-L2 constitute an important antitumor immune response. In breast cancer, their prognostic value is still to be defined. In this study, we investigate the correlation between PD-L1 and PD-L2 protein expressions with clinical and pathologic features and disease-free survival and overall survival.

Unmanipulated native fat exposed to high-energy diet, but not autologous grafted fat by itself, may lead to overexpression of Ki67 and PAI-1.

Background: Although its unclear oncological risk, which led to more than 20 years of prohibition of its use, fat grafting to the breast is widely used nowadays even for aesthetic purposes. Thus, we proposed an experimental model in rats to analyze the inflammatory activity, cellular proliferation and levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1) in grafted fat, and in native fat exposed to high-energy diet in order to study the oncological potential of fat tissue.

Methods: Samples of grafted fat of rats on regular-energy diet were compared with paired samples of native fat from the same rat on regular-energy diet and on high-energy diet in a different time.

Analysis of the contribution of immunologically-detectable HER2, steroid receptors and of the "triple-negative" tumor status to disease-free and overall survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer.

We assessed associations between steroid receptors including: estrogen-alpha, estrogen-beta, androgen receptor, progesterone receptor, the HER2 status and triple-negative epithelial ovarian cancer (ERα-/PR-/HER2-; TNEOC) status and survival in women with epithelial ovarian cancer. The study included 152 women with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. The status of steroid receptor and HER2 was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Survival of women with ovarian carcinomas and borderline tumors is not affected by estrogen and progesterone receptor status.

Objective: To examine the patterns of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and ovarian carcinomas. We also assessed the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in women with ovarian carcinoma, in relation to ER and/or PR expression.

Methods: We examined ER/PR expression in 38 BOTs and 172 ovarian carcinomas removed from patients treated at the State University of Campinas-UNICAMP (Brazil), from 1993 to 2008 and followed for up to 60 months using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry.

Is the immunohistochemical expression of proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Bcl-2) markers and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) related to carcinogenesis in postmenopausal endometrial polyps?

Objective: To evaluate the pattern of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and COX-2 expression in the glandular epithelium and stroma of malignant and benign endometrial polyps in postmenopause.

Study Design: A total of 390 postmenopausal women underwent surgical hysteroscopy; women with endometrial polyps were included. Polypoid lesions were histologically classified as benign, premalignant or malignant lesions.

HER2 expression in Brazilian patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative breast carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathological factors and survival in patients with double negative HER2-overexpressing carcinoma and triple negative carcinoma. One hundred and sixty-one (161) patients diagnosed with breast cancer negative for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were included. Of the total, 58 patients had double negative HER2-overexpressing (ER/PR-negative and HER2-positive) and 103 had triple negative (ER-negative, PR-negative and HER2-negative).

Prognostic significance of GRP78 expression patterns in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

This study examined the associations between GRP78 expression and breast cancer recurrence and survival in patients treated with anthracyclines in the adjuvant setting. GRP78 expression was assessed in 106 stage II/III breast cancer patients. Tissue microarray was used to perform immunohistochemistry and to determine the GRP78 expression in endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane of breast tumors.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and p53 in neighboring invasive and in situ components of breast tumors.

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the expression of COX-2 and p53, hormone receptors and HER-2 in the in situ (DCIS) and invasive components of ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the same breast. The expression of COX-2, p53, and hormone receptors was assessed in 87 cases of IDC with contiguous areas of DCIS. Results showed that there was no difference in COX-2 expression comparing the in situ and invasive components of the tumors.

The GSTT1 polymorphism of the glutathione S-transferase system in the intratumoral microvessel density of breast cancer patients.

It is well established that hypoxic microenvironment contributes to breast cancer progression by activation of transcriptional genes that promote angiogenesis. By promoting the antioxidant activity of glutathione, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are likely to facilitate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity, therefore stimulating the angiogenesis. We investigated herein the influence of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in the intratumoral angiogenesis of 87 patients with sporadic breast cancer.

Comparative evaluation of the erbB2 and hormone receptor status of neighboring invasive and in situ components of ductal carcinomas of the breast.

Background: It remains unknown whether erbB2 expression and hormone receptor status predict the invasive potential of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.

Objectives: To examine erbB2 and estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status in the precise areas where DCIS turns into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-seven cases of breast malignancies harboring contiguous regions of DCIS and IDC were selected.

[ErbB-2 expression and hormone receptor status in areas of transition from in situ to invasive ductal breast carcinoma].

Purpose: to evaluate the expression of erbB-2 and of the estrogen and progesterone (ER/P) hormonal receptors in the transition regions between the in situ and the invasive fractions of ductal breast neoplasia (ISDC and IDC, respectively).

Methods: Eighty-five cases of breast neoplasia, containing contiguous ISDC and IDC areas, were selected. Histological specimens from the ISDC and the IDC areas were obtained through the tissue microarray (TMA) technique.

Immunoarchitectural characterization of a human skin model reconstructed in vitro.

Context And Objective: Over the last few years, different models for human skin equivalent reconstructed in vitro (HSERIV) have been reported for clinical usage and applications in research for the pharmaceutical industry. Before release for routine use as human skin replacements, HSERIV models need to be tested regarding their similarity with in vivo skin, using morphological (architectural) and immunohistochemical (functional) analyses. A model for HSERIV has been developed in our hospital, and our aim here was to further characterize its immunoarchitectural features by comparing them with human skin, before it can be tested for clinical use, e.

Protein expression of c-erbB-2 and p53 in normal ducts, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the same breast.

Context And Objective: Breast cancer is thought to derive from progressively aberrant, non-invasive breast lesions, but it is not known exactly how invasive breast cancer develops from these lesions. The aim of this study was to verify the changes in c-erbB-2 and p53 protein expression between non-neoplastic ducts, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma found in the same breast.

Design And Setting: This was a cross-sectional study at Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, Campinas, Brazil.

Is there a relationship between the detection of human herpesvirus 8 and Epstein-Barr virus in Waldeyer's ring tissues?

Objective: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are human pathogens associated to a number of neoplasms, including tumors of the Waldeyer's ring. Both viruses have been previously detected by in situ methods in tonsils and adenoids from children. HHV-8 was found in 6.

Adrenocortical tumors in Brazilian children: immunohistochemical markers and prognostic factors.

Context: The behavior of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) is usually difficult to establish in childhood, and the role of immunomarkers in predicting outcome has not yet been elucidated.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings and prognosis in a series of children with ACTs.

Patients And Methods: Clinical data were evaluated retrospectively in 33 children with ACTs, including age at diagnosis, sex, time between first symptoms and diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, tumor position, and follow-up.

CD34 as a marker for evaluating angiogenesis in cervical cancer.

CD34 is an antigen present in hematopoietic progenitor cells and endothelial cells. Anti-CD34 antibody is a highly sensitive marker for endothelial cell differentiation and has also been studied as a marker for vascular tumors. However, there are few studies relating it to cervical carcinoma.

Detection of herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8) in children's tonsils and adenoids by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

Objective: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been associated with multicentric Castleman's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma and effusion non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Epidemiological studies have shown seropositivity in variable proportions of populations. It seems to be sexually transmitted among adults and through oral contact among children.

The expression of the hormone receptors in the endometrium and endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women and its relationship to body mass index.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and the immunoexpression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in endometrial polyps (EP) and endometrium, in gland and stromal cells of postmenopausal women.

Methods: Thirty-five postmenopausal women with benign endometrial polyps, who had not been taking medication with hormonal effects for at least 6 months, were submitted to operative hysteroscopy. The presence of ER and PR were evaluated by immunohistochemical method using a semiquantitative analysis.

Search for Herpesvirus 1 and 2 by in situ hybridization in tonsils and adenoids.

Objective: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been described as cause of acute tonsillitis. It has also been found in nasopharyngeal florid lymphoid infiltrate, mostly composed of CD4+, CD56+ T-cells, simulating lymphoma. In spite of its widespread prevalence in latent form, to the best of our knowledge no study is available on in situ detection of HSV in chronically hyperplastic nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue.

The genetics of hypertension modifies the renal cell replication response induced by experimental diabetes.

To investigate whether the genetics of hypertension modifies renal cell responses in experimental diabetes, we studied the renal cell replication and its regulation by two cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors, p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1), in prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their genetically normotensive counterparts, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, with and without streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In diabetic SHR, the number of proliferating glomerular (0.6 +/- 0.