Effect of zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic paste on planktonic aggregates and biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis - An atomic force microscopy evaluation.

Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of zinc oxide-eugenol paste (ZOE) on planktonic aggregates (EfPA) and biofilm (EfBio) of Enterococcus faecalis, focusing on their morphological aspects observed and analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Design: The eugenol and paste were characterized by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The effect of ZOE on EfPA and EfBio was evaluated by a direct-contact test through colony counting and crystal violet staining protocol.

Chemical Characterization and Effect of a Lactobacilli-Postbiotic on Biofilm In Vitro.

Postbiotic is the term used to define the soluble factors, metabolic products, or byproducts released by live probiotic bacteria or after its lysis. The objective of this study was to carry out the chemical characterization of the postbiotic of LR-32 and to evaluate its in vitro effect on the development of the biofilm. After the cultivation of the probiotic strain, the postbiotic was extracted by centrifuging the culture and filtering the supernatant.

Lactobacilli Probiotics Modulate Antibacterial Response Gene Transcription of Dendritic Cells Challenged with LPS.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that may modulate the immune response by altering the maturation and function of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial gene expression of dendritic cells challenged with LPS and probiotics. Immature dendritic cells were obtained from human CD14 monocytes and challenged with E.

Salivary fluoride bioavailability after use of high-fluoride dentifrices with different compositions: A short-term randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the kinetics of salivary F bioavailability after the use of high-fluoride dentifrices with different compositions and their amount of total soluble fluoride (TSF).

Methods: A short-term clinical randomized trial was performed in which 15 adult participants were randomly allocated into three groups: 5000 ppm F-dentifrice, 5000 ppm F-dentifrice + TCP (tri-calcium phosphate) and 1450 ppm F-dentifrice. Unstimulated saliva was collected at different times: baseline (before toothbrushing), immediately after brushing/water rinsing and at 5, 15 and 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h after brushing.

Effect of high-fluoride dentifrice on root dentine de-remineralization exposed to erosion challenge .

Background: High-fluoride dentifrice can be used to manage dental erosion; however, little is known about it effect on root dentine previously demineralized. This study evaluated the effect of high-fluoride treatment on dentin de/remineralization exposed to an erosion challenge in vitro.

Material And Methods: Sound and demineralized dentine blocks were submitted to a 5-days-erosive challenge in soft drink (4/day during 90 s) and treated with fluoride solutions (0, 1,100, or 5,000 µg F/mL).

Effect of high-fluoride dentifrice on root dentine and bacterial composition in a multispecies biofilm model.

The present study evaluated the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice on dentine demineralization and bacterial composition in a multispecies biofilm model . A seven-organism bacterial consortium was grown on bovine dentine discs in a high-throughput active attachment model. The biofilms were submitted twice per day to the following dentifrices treatments: 5,000 ppm F, 1,100 ppm F, with placebo as a negative control.

Effect of Probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus on Antibacterial Response Gene Transcription of Human Peripheral Monocytes.

Periodontitis and related systemic inflammatory diseases are characterized by imbalanced ratio between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. Probiotics may control inflammation by altering the inflammatory phenotype of defense cells. We aimed to evaluate the gene transcription of the antibacterial response of monocytes to exposure to probiotic lactobacilli.

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus by-products on gingival epithelial cells challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Objective: Probiotics are usually given as living cells, but their effects may be also achieved by postbiotics. We hypothesized that probiotics products (spent media and lysate) altered the response induced by P. gingivalis in gingival epithelial cells (GECS).

Effect of high-fluoride dentifrice and bracket bonding composite material on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets .

Background: There is a lack of information about the association of high-fluoride dentrifrice and fluoride-containing bonding material to prevent enamel white spot lesions development adjacent to brackets. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice and fluoride-containing bonding material on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets.

Material And Methods: Forty-eight enamel specimens with 7x7x2 mm were obtained from bovine incisors.

Nocturnal Salivary Fluoride Bioavailability After Brushing with a High-fluoride Dentifrice.

The use of fluoridated dentifrices is recognized as the main reason for the decline of dental caries and its effect is associated with the bioavailability of fluoride (F) in the oral cavity. High-fluoride dentifrice has been indicated for patients at high risk of caries and management of root lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of F in saliva after the use of high-fluoride dentifrice during the nocturnal period.

Effect of over the counter mouthwashes with and without alcohol on sorption and solubility of bulk fill resins.

Background: Composites sorption and solubility can be precursors of several chemical and physical processes, which lead to deleterious effects on the polymer structure. This study evaluated the effect of mouthwashes with and without alcohol on the sorption and solubility of conventional and low viscosity bulk fill resins.

Material And Methods: Four types of Bulk Fill resins (Filtek™ Bulk Fill, X-tra Fil, Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flow and X-tra Base) were submitted to the following mouthwashes: Listerine Cool Mint and Periogard (containing alcohol) and Listerine Zero and Periogard (alcohol-free).

Development of an Experimental Dentifrice with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and High Fluoride Concentration to Manage Root Dentin Demineralization.

Background: High-fluoride dentifrice is used to manage root caries, but there is no evidence whether its association with nanohydroxyapatite could provide an additional protection for root caries. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the effect of an experimental dentifrice with high fluoride (F) concentration and nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) on root dentin demineralization.

Materials And Methods: After formulation of dentifrices, root dentin specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10) using different dentifrice treatments: placebo; nano-HA without F; 1,100 µg F/g; 1,100 µg F/g + nano-HA; 5,000 µg F/g; and 5,000 µg F/g + nano-HA.

Dose-Response Effect of Fluoride Dentifrices on De-/Remineralization of Root Dentine in situ.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) dentifrice with different F concentrations on root dentine de-/remineralization. Ten healthy volunteers took part in this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over, and split-mouth in situ experimental study. During 4 phases of 7 days, they wore a palatal appliance containing 4 bovine dentine blocks (2 sound and 2 with caries) of 4 × 4 × 2 mm.

Chemokines and cytokines profile in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis.

Clinical features suggest differences in immune response among periodontitis forms, albeit a large number of cytokines and chemokines remain to be evaluated. The saliva is an available source of mediators and its analysis would be valuable in order to understand pathophysiological differences. The objective of this study was analyze chemokines/cytokines profile in whole saliva of individuals with severe periodontitis (Stage III) presenting moderate [Grade B; GB] or rapid progression rate with a localized incisor-molar pattern [Grade C; GC/IMP].

Effect of high-fluoride dentifrice and bracket bonding composite material on enamel demineralization in situ.

Objective: This in situ study evaluated the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice (5000 μg F/g) and fluoride-containing bonding composite resin on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets.

Methods: Ten volunteers wore palatal appliances containing bovine enamel blocks with metallic brackets bonded with fluoride-free or fluoride-containing composite resin. During three phases of 14 days each, three dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations (0, 1100, and 5000 μg F/g) were tested.

Fluoride Release of Fresh and Aged Glass Ionomer Cements after Recharging with High-Fluoride Dentifrice.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate F release from GICs before and after recharging with F-dentifrices and after aging process.

Methods: Fifteen specimens of GICs (conventional, resin modified, and high viscosity) and composite resin were stored individually in a polystyrene tube containing 2 ml of deionized water (DW), with water replacement every 24 hours. After 15 days, the specimens were treated with a dentifrice suspension (1 : 3 by volume) containing 0 g F/g ( = 5), 1,100 g F/g ( = 5), or 5,000 g F/g ( = 5).

Root dentine demineralisation according to frequency of sucrose exposure using high-fluoride dentifrice.

Objective: To evaluate root dentine demineralisation, biomass and loosely bound fluoride (CaF ) concentration according to different frequencies of sucrose exposure using a high-fluoride dentifrice.

Background: Although high-fluoride dentifrice has been recommended to arrest root dentine lesions, it is not clear whether it can protect dentine from increased frequencies of sucrose exposure.

Methods: An in situ, crossover, split-mouth study was conducted in 3 phases with 7 days each, in which 10 volunteers used a palatal device containing 4 bovine root dentine slabs (2 on each side) with predetermined initial hardness.

Gastrointestinal Absorption and Renal Excretion of Fluoride After Ingestion of a High-Fluoride Dentifrice.

This study aimed to evaluate the gastrointestinal absorption and renal excretion of fluoride after the ingestion of high-fluoride dentifrice. Twelve volunteers participated in this in vivo, crossover, and blinded study. In three experimental phases, the volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, who ingested either the following: distilled and deionized water (control), conventional dentifrice (1100 μg/g), or high-fluoride dentifrice (5000 μg/g).

Is the fluoride intake by diet and toothpaste in children living in tropical semi-arid city safe?

Data about total fluoride intake in children living in a tropical semi-arid climate city is scarce, thus we conducted this study. Fifty-eight children aged two to five years, living in a Brazilian tropical city with optimally fluoridated water were selected. Dietary samples were collected using the duplicate diet method on two non-consecutive days in the children's home toothpaste was determined by subtracting the amount of fluoride recovered after brushing from the amount placed on the toothbrush.

Effect of Mouthwashes on Solubility and Sorption of Restorative Composites.

Objective: Composites orption and solubility can be precursors of several chemical and physical processes, which lead to deleterious effects on the polymer structure. This study evaluated the effect of mouthwashes on solubility and sorption of composite resins.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two specimens of each evaluated composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flow, Opallis Flow, Durafill VS, and Filtek Z350) were prepared and randomized into seven groups for each solution (mouth rinses with and without alcohol and distilled water) and stored for seven days.

Total Fluoride Intake by Children from a Tropical Brazilian City.

The main sources of fluoride intake by children are fluoridated water and toothpaste. Little has been studied regarding fluoride intake from these sources in regions with tropical climates and high temperatures throughout the year. This study aimed to determine the amount of fluoride ingested from diet and tooth brushing by children who live in a city with a tropical climate.

Salivary fluoride levels after use of high-fluoride dentifrice.

The aim of the study was to evaluate salivary fluoride (F) availability after toothbrushing with a high-F dentifrice. Twelve adult volunteers took part in this crossover and blind study. F concentration in saliva was determined after brushing with a high-F dentifrice (5000 µg F/g) or with a conventional F concentration dentifrice (1100 µg F/g) followed by a 15 mL distilled water rinse.

Recolonization of mutans Streptococci after application of chlorhexidine gel.

Streptococcus mutans is specifically suppressed by intensive treatment with chlorhexidine gel, but the time for recolonization and the effect on other oral bacteria are not totally clear. In this study, recolonization of mutans streptococci was evaluated in nine healthy adult volunteers, who were highly colonized with this microorganism. Stimulated saliva was collected before (baseline) and at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application of 1% chlorhexidine gel on volunteers' teeth for two consecutive days.

Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of S. mutans isolated from dental biofilms formed in vivo under high cariogenic conditions.

The oral cavity harbors several Streptococcus mutans genotypes, which could present distinct virulence properties. However, little is known about the diversity and virulence traits of S. mutans genotypes isolated in vivo under controlled conditions of high cariogenic challenge.

Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure.

In situ dental biofilm composition under sugar exposure is well known, but sugar effect on the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm has not been explored. This study evaluated S.