The impact of group membership on punishment versus partner rejection.

People often display ingroup bias in punishment, punishing outgroup members more harshly than ingroup members. However, the impact of group membership may be less pronounced when people are choosing whether to stop interacting with someone (i.e.

Evidence for Changes in Screen Use in the United States During Early Childhood Related to COVID-19 Pandemic Parent Stressors: Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic transformed the home lives of many families in the United States, especially those with young children. Understanding the relationship between child and parent screen time and family stressors exacerbated by the pandemic may help inform interventions that aim to support early child development.

Objective: We aim to assess the changing relationship between family screen time and factors related to pandemic-induced remote work and childcare or school closures.

Post Take-Over Performance Varies in Drivers of Automated and Connected Vehicle Technology in Near-Miss Scenarios.

Objective: This study examined the impact of monitoring instructions when using an automated driving system (ADS) and road obstructions on post take-over performance in near-miss scenarios.

Background: Past research indicates partial ADS reduces the driver's situation awareness and degrades post take-over performance. Connected vehicle technology may alert drivers to impending hazards in time to safely avoid near-miss events.

Caring for People With Depression: Costs Among 43 Million Commercially Insured Patients With or Without Comorbid Illnesses.

Background: Depression is a common comorbidity for patients with chronic medical conditions. Although the costs of treating chronic medical illness in combination with depression are believed to be significantly higher than the costs of treating each condition independently, few studies have formally modeled the cost consequences of mental health comorbidity.

Purpose: To estimate the relative magnitude of the independent and synergistic contributions to health care costs from depression diagnosis and other chronic physical health conditions.

An evaluation of a care coaching and provider referral intervention for behavioral health needs.

Objectives: To evaluate changes in health care spending and utilization associated with a telehealth-based care coach-supported and behavioral health (BH) provider referral intervention in the United States.

Study Design: Observational retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching of treated and control groups.

Methods: Difference-in-differences (DID) analysis was used to calculate per-member per-month (PMPM) savings and changes in utilization in a treated group relative to matched controls over 36 months.

Inconsistencies in Adolescent Self-Reported Sexual Behavior: Experience from Four Randomized Controlled Trials.

To examine the degree, correlates, and implications of inconsistent self-report data on sexual risk behaviors of adolescents. We analyzed data from four longitudinal group-randomized controlled trials of evidence-based HIV/STI/pregnancy prevention programs in Texas and California from 2000 to 2010. Across- and within-time logical inconsistencies in sexual behavior survey responses were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression.

Who Benefits from School-Based Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs? Examining Multidimensional Moderators of Program Effectiveness Across Four Studies.

Recent research has suggested the importance of understanding for whom programs are most effective (Supplee et al., 2013) and that multidimensional profiles of risk and protective factors may moderate the effectiveness of programs (Lanza & Rhoades, 2012). For school-based prevention programs, moderators of program effectiveness may occur at both the individual and school levels.

A health communication campaign designed to improve study habits and wellness: A feasibility study.

Background: Academic success and retention remain priorities on college campuses. Excessive cell phone use, test anxiety, and poor sleep habits are all associated with negative academic performance.

Objective: To assess college students' perceptions of a health communication campaign designed to improve study habits and wellness behaviors during exams.

Booster Dose of Attention Training Program for Young Novice Drivers: A Longitudinal Driving Simulator Evaluation Study.

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of a second exposure to ACCEL, a novel driving training program, on latent hazard anticipation (HA) performance several months after their first exposure.

Background: Past research has demonstrated that PC-based driver training programs can improve latent HA performance in young novice drivers, but these improvements are below the ceiling level.

Method: Twenty-five participants were randomly assigned to either the Placebo group, the ACCEL-1 group, or the ACCEL-2 group.

Impact of COVID-19 on Primary Care Practice Sites and Their Vulnerable Patients.

While COVID-19 has upended lives, it has also catalyzed innovation with potential to advance health delivery. Yet, we know little about how the delivery system, and primary care in particular, has responded and how this has impacted vulnerable patients. We aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on primary care practice sites and their vulnerable patients and to identify explanations for variation.

Health Status of Adults with Hearing Loss in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the current health status of adults in the United States with self-reported hearing loss and compare it with US adults with a self-reported excellent or good hearing in three areas: (1) chronic disease states and general health status, (2) medical screening behaviors, and (3) lifestyle behaviors.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2014 data set from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), specifically the Sample Adult Public Use File (samadult). For this questionnaire set, one adult per family was randomly selected.

Parents' Perspectives on Using Artificial Intelligence to Reduce Technology Interference During Early Childhood: Cross-sectional Online Survey.

Background: Parents' use of mobile technologies may interfere with important parent-child interactions that are critical to healthy child development. This phenomenon is known as technoference. However, little is known about the population-wide awareness of this problem and the acceptability of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools that help with mitigating technoference.

Early integration of palliative care for outpatients with advanced cancer in general practice: how is the situation?-a cohort study.

Background: Compared with standard care alone, early integration of specialist palliative care in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer offers significant benefit with respect of symptom control, healthrelated quality of life and survival. The early integration of specialist palliative care means that patients receive palliative care concurrent with, or shortly after, the diagnosis of advanced cancer.

Methods: Using data from 2015 compiled from a large German statutory health insurance company (AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg) which insures 3.

Automatic detection of hand hygiene using computer vision technology.

Objective: Hand hygiene is essential for preventing hospital-acquired infections but is difficult to accurately track. The gold-standard (human auditors) is insufficient for assessing true overall compliance. Computer vision technology has the ability to perform more accurate appraisals.

Identifying Palliative Patients in General Practice: Focusing on the Place of Death and the Vital Role of Specialized Home Palliative Care: An Observational Study.

Specialist palliative care was introduced into the German health care system for patients at the end of life. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether the provision of specialist home palliative care (SHPC) for outpatients increased the likelihood of patients dying at home. We studied data collected in 2015 from a German statutory health insurance company covering 3.

Association Between HEDIS Performance and Primary Care Physician Age, Group Affiliation, Training, and Participation in ACA Exchanges.

Background: There are a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between primary care physician (PCP) characteristics and the quality of care they deliver.

Objective: To examine the association between PCP performance and physician age, solo versus group affiliation, training, and participation in California's Affordable Care Act (ACA) exchange.

Design: Observational study of 2013-2014 data from Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures and select physician characteristics.

You-Me-Us: Results of a Cluster Randomized Trial of a Healthy Relationships Approach to Sexual Risk Reduction.

By middle adolescence, most young people have been involved in at least one romantic relationship, a context in which many sexual interactions occur. Indeed, researchers have suggested the importance of attending to relationships in programs focused on sexual risk, yet few evidence-based programs have a strong relationships focus. Our study examined the impact of a healthy relationship program called You-Me-Us that included a classroom curriculum and a school-wide peer norms approach.

Effects of Mental Health on the Costs of Care for Chronic Illnesses.

Objective: The study examined whether comorbid low mental health functioning inflates the cost of treating a chronic disease.

Methods: Data were from the 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (N=33,893). Costs were estimated from medical records and self-reported health care use.

Economic analysis in behavioral health: Toward application of standardized methodologies.

Health care remains the most expensive sector in the U.S. economy, now accounting for nearly 1 in every 5 dollars spent.

Replication of It's Your Game…Keep It Real! in Southeast Texas.

Despite the recent efforts of the Office of Adolescent Health to replicate programs with demonstrated efficacy, there are still few evidence-based HIV, sexually transmitted infection (STI), and teen pregnancy prevention programs that have been replicated in "real-world" settings. To test the effectiveness of It's Your Game…Keep It Real! (IYG), an evidence-based STI and pregnancy prevention program for middle schools, the curriculum was implemented by teachers in urban and suburban middle schools in Southeast Texas from 2012 to 2015. IYG was evaluated using a group-randomized wait-list controlled effectiveness trial design in which 20 middle schools in nine urban and suburban school districts in Southeast Texas were randomized equally, using a multi-attribute randomization protocol, to either the intervention condition (received IYG) (n = 10 schools comprising 1936 eligible seventh graders) or the comparison condition (received usual care) (n = 10 schools comprising 1825 eligible seventh graders).

Examining the Effects of an Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Program by Risk Profiles: A More Nuanced Approach to Program Evaluation.

Purpose: The objective of the study was to examine whether latent class analysis (LCA) could (1) identify distinct subgroups of youth characterized by multiple risk and protective factors for early sexual initiation and (2) allow for a more nuanced assessment of the effects of a middle school program to prevent teen pregnancy/HIV/sexually transmitted infection.

Methods: LCA was applied to data from the baseline (seventh grade) sample of 1,693 sexually inexperienced students participating in a randomized controlled trial of It's Your Game…Keep It Real in Harris County, Texas. Multilevel analysis was applied within subgroups defined by the latent classes to assess for potential differential program effects.

Knowledge of Hearing Loss among University Students Pursuing Careers in Health Care.

Background: Albeit limited, research suggests that students pursuing careers in health care receive limited training on the provision of services for people with hearing loss. As the incidence of hearing loss continues to increase among Americans, it is critical that medical professionals understand how hearing loss among patients may affect the manner in which they can provide services most effectively.

Purpose: The aim of this project is to assess the amount of experience and confidence that preprofessional health-care students at one university obtain during the course of their training and whether these students would be interested in additional information related to hearing health.

Neuropsychological Functioning in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Insomnia Randomized to CBT-I or Control Group.

Objectives: Improving the sleep of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a first step in discovering whether interventions directed at modifying this risk factor also have the potential to alter the cognitive decline trajectory.

Methods: A six-session, adapted version of a cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) was administered to older adults (N = 28; 14 per group) with MCI across two residential facilities. Participants were randomly assigned to either the sleep intervention or an active control group and completed a neuropsychological battery at three time points (e.

Dual Contraceptive Method Use Among Youth in Alternative Schools.

Dual contraceptive method use, or using a highly effective contraceptive method plus a barrier method like condoms, is gaining attention as a strategy for preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. We investigated rates of dual method use among a sample of youth in urban alternative schools, and explored the relationship between dual method use and sexual partner type. The study analyzed data from 765 students enrolled in 11 district-run continuation high schools in northern California.