Engraftment of wild-type alveolar type II epithelial cells in surfactant protein C deficient mice.

Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) secondary to pulmonary surfactant deficiency is a devastating chronic lung disease in children. Clinical presentation includes mild to severe respiratory failure and fibrosis. There is no specific treatment, except lung transplantation, which is hampered by a severe shortage of donor organs, especially for young patients.

Genetic modification of the bee parasite Crithidia bombi for improved visualization and protein localization.

Crithidia bombi is a trypanosomatid parasite that infects several species of bumble bees (Bombus spp.), by adhering to their intestinal tract. Crithidia bombi infection impairs learning and reduces survival of workers and the fitness of overwintering queens.

Creativity as a framework for innovation in dental education.

Dental education is rich with examples of innovation as educators have responded to advances in knowledge, technology, the needs of the community, and most recently the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current challenges requiring innovative pedagogies include developing graduates who are interprofessional collaborative practice-ready, adapting to technological advances, embedding sustainability in the curriculum, and addressing equity and diversity in dental education. Creativity is the production of something that is novel and useful and is intimately linked to innovation which is the implementation of new and improved ways of doing things.

Influence of plant domestication on plant-pollinator interactions: Floral attributes and floral visitor communities in wild and cultivated squash plants.

Premise: Domestication of plant species results in phenotypic modifications and changes in biotic interactions. Most studies have compared antagonistic plant-herbivore interactions of domesticated plants and their wild relatives, but little attention has been given to how domestication influences plant-pollinator interactions. Floral attributes and interactions of floral visitors were compared between sister taxa of the genus Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae), the domesticated C.

The Role of Organizational Factors in Nurses' Perceived Preparedness to Screen, Intervene and Refer in Cases of Suspected Postpartum Depression.

Routine screening for postpartum depression (PPD) is widespread, yet little attention has been given to the perceived preparedness of health providers to perform screening procedures, or to the role of organizational factors in their preparedness, although these are crucial elements for optimal implementation. The aim of this study was to examine organizational factors associated with public health nurses' (PHNs) perceived preparedness to screen women for PPD, intervene, and refer them in cases of suspected PPD. Two hundred and nineteen PHNs completed a self-report survey regarding their perceived preparedness to carry out a screening program (including screening, intervening, and referring women), and their perceived organizational support, supervisor's support, colleagues' support, and colleagues' preparedness.

Competency-based Training Needs Assessment for Research Managers and Administrators in Africa and the United Kingdom to Strengthen Equitable Partnerships.

The need for competent research managers and administrators (RMAs) has increased due to the complexity in managing research projects between disparate and international partners. To facilitate the creation of robust training and professional development programmes it is essential to first understand the status quo. A collaborative project, Sustainable Management and Administration for Research: Training across the project Lifecycle (SMARTLife), made up of RMAs from South Africa, Zimbabwe and the United Kingdom (UK) developed a set of competencies to conduct an RMA competency-based training needs assessment scoping tool.

Cesarean delivery on maternal request in Israel: Maternity department policies and obstetricians' perspectives.

Objective: This study aimed to describe Israeli maternity departments' policies regarding cesarean delivery on maternal request, and factors associated with obstetricians' support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in specific scenarios.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 22 maternity department directors and 222 obstetricians from the majority of Israeli hospitals. Directors were interviewed and completed a questionnaire about their department's cesarean delivery on maternal request policy, and obstetricians responded to a survey presenting case scenarios in which women requested cesarean delivery on maternal request.

Missed initial appointments at Israeli child development centres: Rate, reasons, and associated characteristics.

Introduction: Missed appointments (MAs) at child development centres (ChDCs) cause multiple problems: they preclude timely diagnosis and treatment of both the invited child and children whose appointment was delayed due to overbooking, as well as disrupting efficient organisational management. The aim of this study was to assess the rate and describe the reasons for missed appointments at Israeli ChDCs, and to evaluate the association of socio-demographic, clinical, and administrative variables with MA rates.

Methods: This nested case-control study included all children scheduled for initial appointments (N = 1143) at three centres during 1 year.

Treatment barriers in PANS/PANDAS: Observations from eleven health care provider families.

Introduction: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are severe but highly treatable postinfectious inflammatory brain conditions. Despite published diagnostic and treatment guidelines for this condition, there are long delays in obtaining appropriate care. The reasons for these delays are poorly understood.

Is Medication Adherence Predictive of Cardiovascular Outcomes and Blood Pressure Control? The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

Background: Adherence to study medications is crucial to evaluating treatment effects in clinical trials. To assess whether in the SPRINT trial, adherence and cardiovascular outcomes are associated regardless of intervention assignment.

Methods: This study included 9,361 participants aged ≥50 years, recruited from 102 clinics.

Perceiving Music Through the Lens of Synaesthesia and Absolute Pitch.

Synaesthesia and absolute pitch (AP) are two rare conditions that occur more frequently within populations of artistic professionals. Current thinking surrounding synaesthesia and AP and their relationship to music perception form the focus of this article. Given that synaesthesia has rarely been discussed in the music literature, the article surveys and consolidates general neurobiological, psychological, and behavioural evidence to summarise what is currently known on this topic, in order to link this back to the conditions that most relate to music.

Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Control on Aortic Stiffness in the SPRINT-HEART.

[Figure: see text].

The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown 1.0 on Working Patterns, Income, and Wellbeing Among Performing Arts Professionals in the United Kingdom (April-June 2020).

This article reports data collected from 385 performing arts professionals using the during the COVID-19 Lockdown 1.0 in the United Kingdom. Study 1 examined characteristics of performing arts professionals' work and health, and investigated how these relate to standardized measures of wellbeing.

Cognitive achievements in school-age children born following assisted reproductive technology treatments: A prospective study.

Background: While assisted reproductive technology is increasingly prevalent, there is concern amid conflicting findings reported regarding the long-term outcomes of children born following these treatments. The aim of this research was to investigate aspects of cognitive development in early school-age Israeli children born following assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, compared to those spontaneously conceived (SC).

Method: This prospective follow-up study was based on an Israeli cohort recruited from June 2006 to December 2008, that included 561 women whose pregnancies were achieved by ART treatments and 600 women whose pregnancies were SC.

C-reactive protein and risk of cognitive decline: The REGARDS study.

Markers of systemic inflammation are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, but it is unclear if they are associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline and whether this relationship differs by race. Our objective was to examine the association of baseline C-reaction protein (CRP) with cognitive decline among a large racially diverse cohort of older adults. Participants included 21,782 adults aged 45 and older (36% were Black, Mean age at baseline 64) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

Ethnic disparities in receiving benefits for disability following postpartum mental illness during first two years after delivery: an Israeli nationwide study.

Background: Despite relatively high rates of Postpartum Depression (PPD), little is known about the granting of social security benefits to women who are disabled as a result of PPD or of other postpartum mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD). This study aims to identify populations at risk for underutilization of social security benefits due to PMAD among Israeli women, with a focus on ethnic minorities.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study is based on the National Insurance Institute (NII) database.

How Are They Doing? Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at School Age of Children Born Following Assisted Reproductive Treatments.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess major neurodevelopmental aspects of children conceived by assisted reproductive treatments compared to spontaneously conceived children during the early school years.

Material & Methods: In this follow-up study, mothers of 358 children born following assisted reproductive treatments and 401 spontaneously-conceived children were interviewed by telephone regarding their children's health and development, when the children were 7-8 years old. The main outcomes were maternal responses to 4 questionnaires: Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, Short Sensory Profile, Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire, and the Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) Child Symptom Inventory-4 subscale.

Arterial stiffness and kidney disease progression in the systolic blood pressure intervention trial .

Aims: Arterial stiffness increases with both advancing age and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to kidney function decline, but evidence is inconsistent. We hypothesized that greater baseline arterial stiffness (assessed as pulse pressure (PP) and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity CFPWV)) was independently associated with kidney disease progression over the follow-up period (3.8 years) in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).

Outcomes in adults with systolic blood pressure between 130 and 139 mmHg in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure trial and Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial.

Background: Patients with stage 1 systolic hypertension have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.

Methods: Using Cox models, we assess the effect of targeting an intensive SBP goal of less than 120 mmHg compared with standard SBP goal of less than 140 mmHg on the risk of CVD events in adults with stage 1 systolic hypertension with diabetes mellitus enrolled in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure trial (ACCORD BP) (n = 1901) and without diabetes mellitus enrolled in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) (n = 3484) that used identical SBP goal interventions.

Outcomes: In ACCORD BP, the primary composite CVD outcome was the first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CVD mortality.

History of Cardiovascular Disease, Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Look AHEAD Trial.

Objective: To examine the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial randomized 5,145 participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity to a ILI or diabetes support and education. Although the primary outcome did not differ between the groups, there was suggestive evidence of heterogeneity for prespecified baseline CVD history subgroups (interaction P = 0.063).

Effect of Intensive and Standard Clinic-Based Hypertension Management on the Concordance Between Clinic and Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Blood Pressure Variability in SPRINT.

Background Blood pressure ( BP ) varies over time within individual patients and across different BP measurement techniques. The effect of different BP targets on concordance between BP measurements is unknown. The goals of this analysis are to evaluate concordance between (1) clinic and ambulatory BP , (2) clinic visit-to-visit variability and ambulatory BP variability, and (3) first and second ambulatory BP and to evaluate whether different clinic targets affect these relationships.

Nurses perceived preparedness to screen, intervene, and refer women with suspected postpartum depression.

Objective: Postpartum depression affects many women worldwide, and screening initiatives for its detection are being implemented in several places. Although perceived preparedness to carry out an intervention is essential for successful implementation, the perceived preparedness of those who conduct screening initiatives for postpartum depression has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the perceived preparedness of Israeli Mother-and-Child Health Clinic public health nurses to screen postpartum women for postpartum depression symptoms, conduct an initial intervention and refer women, as well as factors associated with this perceived preparedness.

Serum Sodium and Pulse Pressure in SPRINT.

Background: High dietary sodium intake may induce a small, yet physiologically relevant rise in serum sodium concentration, which associates with increased systolic blood pressure. Cellular data suggest that this association is mediated by increased endothelial cell stiffness. We hypothesized that higher serum sodium levels were associated with greater arterial stiffness in participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).