Cataract Surgery in the Medicare Merit-Based Incentive Payment System: Episode-Based Cost Measure Development and Evaluation.

Objective: To characterize the development and performance of a cataract surgery episode-based cost measure for the Medicare Quality Payment Program.

Design: Claims-based analysis.

Participants: Medicare clinicians with cataract surgery claims between June 1, 2016, and May 31, 2017.

Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource: Use of a web-based adaptive learning module to teach inflammatory reaction patterns in dermatopathology to medical students, residents, and fellows.

Background: Perceptual and adaptive learning modules (PALM's) provide a large number of visual examples for evaluation and accommodate to learner performance by actively adjusting the module parameters.

Methods: We developed a module for discriminating 5 inflammatory reaction patterns using the Novel Diagnostic Educational Resource (NDER) platform. The module included a 20 question pre-test, a 200 question training section, and a 20 question post-test.

Trends in Early Graft Failure Leading to Regrafting After Endothelial Keratoplasty in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report trends in the prevalence of early graft failure after endothelial keratoplasty in the United States.

Methods: Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) graft volumes were collected from records maintained by 6 major eye banks in the United States from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018. The prevalence and presumed cause of early graft failures (defined as a graft with persistent edema or regrafted within 8 weeks after keratoplasty) each year were sourced from surgeon-reported adverse events.

Opportunities for respiratory disease transmission from people to chimpanzees at an East African tourism site.

Respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19, present a serious threat to endangered wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) populations. In some parts of sub-Saharan Africa, chimpanzee tracking is a popular tourism activity, offering visitors a chance to view apes in their natural habitats. Chimpanzee tourism is an important source of revenue and thus benefits conservation; however, chimpanzee tracking may also increase the risk of disease transmission from people to chimpanzees directly (e.

Finding relevance in the news: The scale of self-reference.

According to both professional journalists and news users, news should be While a great deal of research that treats relevance as co-constructed starts from the text of news stories, this paper asks how explicitly construct the (ir)relevance of particular news reports, taking a language-centered lens to open-ended survey responses. This paper makes a methodological argument in favor of a language-centered approach to open-ended survey data. Given the ubiquity of online surveys in many social science disciplines, the present paper provides an example of how this approach can deepen our understanding of survey responses.

Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Cost Savings Achievable with Increased Bevacizumab Reimbursement and Use.

Purpose: To model Medicare Part B and patient savings associated with increased bevacizumab payment and use for intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Design: Cost analysis.

Participants: Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry data.

Understanding Individual and Family Experiences Associated with DUP: Lessons from the Early Assessment and Support Alliance (EASA) Program in Oregon, USA.

Research shows that a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with worse psychiatric outcomes, with average length of DUP of 73 weeks in the U.S. The aim was to examine the DUP period for first episode psychosis in Oregon, with a focus on the processes between the first positive symptoms and first treatment.

NDER: A Novel Web Application for Teaching Histology to Medical Students.

Medical students require a strong foundation in normal histology. However, current trends in medical school curricula have diminished time devoted to histology. Thus, there is a need for more efficient methods of teaching histology.

Thermodynamic considerations in renal separation processes.

Background: Urine production in the kidney is generally thought to be an energy-intensive process requiring large amounts of metabolic activity to power active transport mechanisms. This study uses a thermodynamic analysis to evaluate the minimum work requirements for urine production in the human kidney and provide a new perspective on the energy costs of urine production. In this study, black-box models are used to compare the Gibbs energy inflow and outflow of the overall kidney and physiologically-based subsections in the kidney, to calculate the work of separation for urine production.

NDER: A novel web application using annotated whole slide images for rapid improvements in human pattern recognition.

Context: Whole-slide images (WSIs) present a rich source of information for education, training, and quality assurance. However, they are often used in a fashion similar to glass slides rather than in novel ways that leverage the advantages of WSI. We have created a pipeline to transform annotated WSI into pattern recognition training, and quality assurance web application called novel diagnostic electronic resource (NDER).

Modularity in the motion system: independent oculomotor and perceptual processing of brief moving stimuli.

In addition to motion perception per se, we utilize motion information for a wide range of brain functions. These varied functions place different demands on the visual system, and therefore a stimulus that provides useful information for one function may be inadequate for another. For example, the direction of motion of large high-contrast stimuli is difficult to discriminate perceptually, but other studies have shown that such stimuli are highly effective at eliciting directional oculomotor responses such as the ocular following response (OFR).

Visual context processing in bipolar disorder: a comparison with schizophrenia.

Anomalous perception has been investigated extensively in schizophrenia, but it is unclear whether these impairments are specific to schizophrenia or extend to other psychotic disorders. Recent studies of visual context processing in schizophrenia (Tibber et al., 2013; Yang et al.

Visual context processing in schizophrenia.

Abnormal perceptual experiences are central to schizophrenia but the nature of these anomalies remains undetermined. We investigated contextual processing abnormalities across a comprehensive set of visual tasks. For perception of luminance, size, contrast, orientation and motion, we quantified the degree to which the surrounding visual context altered a center stimulus' appearance.

A population-based survey of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and symptom-specific bother: results from the Brazilian LUTS epidemiology study (BLUES).

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the bother they impose in a population-based sample of adults in Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted between September 2006 and January 2007 in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Cluster samples of representative households were randomly selected for interviews.