Intracapsular hip pressures in a porcine model: does position and volume matter?

This study outlines a relationship between joint volume, positioning, and intracapsular pressure in a healthy hip. After measuring the native intracapsular pressure in 12 porcine specimens, each joint was injected with radio-opaque-colored saline as pressures were measured. At 20 mmHg, the hip was placed in its position of ease and then in differing positions while pressures were recorded.

Cosmeceuticals: the new medicine of beauty.

Cosmeceuticals represent a new category of products placed between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals that are intended for the enhancement of both the health and beauty of skin. Encompassing an ever-increasing part of the skin care industry, cosmeceuticals are formulated from a multitude of ingredients, the main categories of which are discussed in this article. Given the growing interest in these products among patients and the strong claims made by manufacturers, it is important that physicians recognize these agents and understand their benefits, limitations, and potential adverse effects.

Decreased loading after rotator cuff tears leads to improved biceps tendon properties in a rat model.

Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of biceps tendon changes after rotator cuff tears. We hypothesized that increased loading on the biceps tendon after rotator cuff tears will result in further detrimental changes whereas decreased loading will result in increased organization and more normal tendon composition. In addition, we hypothesized that changes with altered loading will begin at the proximal insertion into bone and progress along the tendon length at later time points.

Modifiable factors associated with sleep dysfunction in adults with heart failure.

Background: Sleep dysfunction contributes to poor quality of life in adults with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with sleep dysfunction that may be modifiable.

Methods: Data were collected from 266 subjects enrolled from three sites in the U.

Exploring biobehavioral outcomes in mothers of preterm infants.

Purpose: To evaluate physiologic measures of stress with self-reported perceived stress and depressive symptoms among mothers of preterm babies currently hospitalized in an NICU.

Study Design And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, single-visit study of 20 mothers of hospitalized preterm infants. Data collected included self-report behavioral measures and a brief structured interview.

Restoration of anterior-posterior rotator cuff force balance improves shoulder function in a rat model of chronic massive tears.

The rotator cuff musculature imparts dynamic stability to the glenohumeral joint. In particular, the balance between the subscapularis anteriorly and the infraspinatus posteriorly, often referred to as the rotator cuff "force couple," is critical for concavity compression and concentric rotation of the humeral head. Restoration of this anterior-posterior force balance after chronic, massive rotator cuff tears may allow for deltoid compensation, but no in vivo studies have quantitatively demonstrated an improvement in shoulder function.

Biceps tendon properties worsen initially but improve over time following rotator cuff tears in a rat model.

Damage to the biceps tendon is often seen in conjunction with rotator cuff tears. However, controversy exists regarding its role in the shoulder and its optimal treatment. A previous study determined that biceps tendons were detrimentally affected in the presence of rotator cuff tears in the rat model and this damage worsened over time.

Changing perceptions of hunger on a high nutrient density diet.

Background: People overeat because their hunger directs them to consume more calories than they require. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in experience and perception of hunger before and after participants shifted from their previous usual diet to a high nutrient density diet.

Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted with 768 participants primarily living in the United States who had changed their dietary habits from a low micronutrient to a high micronutrient diet.

The effect of cross-training with adjustable airway model anatomies on laryngoscopy skill transfer.

Background: A problem with learning endotracheal intubation on airway mannequins is poor transfer of direct laryngoscopy skills from model to patient. We developed an airway model with adjustable anatomic features and investigated whether practicing on a model with frequent adjustments improved laryngoscopy skills transfer.

Methods: Fifty-one paramedic students and 18 medical students with minimal previous experience practiced laryngoscopy 25 times with either the novel model with static features, the novel model with variable features, or a Laerdal Adult Intubation mannequin.

Treatment of Gorham-Stout disease with zoledronic acid and interferon-α: a case report and literature review.

Gorham-Stout disease is a rare disease characterized by osteolysis, angiomatosis, and soft-tissue swelling. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and has an unknown etiology. Chylothorax is a common complication of the disease that is associated with a high mortality rate.

Multi-institutional study of barriers to research utilisation and evidence-based practice among hospital nurses.

Aims: The study aims were to explore the relationships between perceived barriers to research use and the implementation of evidence-based practice among hospital nurses and to investigate the barriers as predictors of implementation of evidence-based practice.

Background: Evidence-based practice is critical in improving healthcare quality. Although barriers to research use have been extensively studied, little is known about the relationships between the barriers and the implementation of evidence-based practice in nursing.

Total shoulder arthroplasty in older patients: increased perioperative morbidity?

Background: More elderly patients are becoming candidates for total shoulder arthroplasty with an increase in frequency of the procedure paralleling the rise in other total joint arthroplasties. Controversy still exists, however, regarding the perioperative morbidity of total joint arthroplasty in elderly patients, particularly those 80 years of age and older.

Questions/purposes: We asked whether perioperative complications and mortality, transfusion requirements, inpatient length of stay, and discharge disposition after total shoulder arthroplasty were similar in patients 80 years and older compared with those in younger patients.

Synaptic plasticity controls sensory responses through frequency-dependent gamma oscillation resonance.

Synchronized gamma frequency oscillations in neural networks are thought to be important to sensory information processing, and their effects have been intensively studied. Here we describe a mechanism by which the nervous system can readily control gamma oscillation effects, depending selectively on visual stimuli. Using a model neural network simulation, we found that sensory response in the primary visual cortex is significantly modulated by the resonance between "spontaneous" and "stimulus-driven" oscillations.

Delivering Child Community Psychology Services in the Community: Experiences from the NIPPERS Project.

Background:   The NIPPERS (Nursery Intervention Project for Parents & Education Related Services) was a novel community psychology service based in nursery settings in socio-economically disadvantaged, inner-city areas in London.

Method:   The service included consultation work with nursery staff, structured parenting groups and individual sessions for parents.

Results:   The delivery of the clinical service and research evaluation underwent several changes in the first phase of the project, in particular to ensure that the service was acceptable and accessible to families and staff.

Interior point algorithms: guaranteed optimality for fluence map optimization in IMRT.

One of the most widely studied problems of the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning problem is the fluence map optimization (FMO) problem, the problem of determining the amount of radiation intensity, or fluence, of each beamlet in each beam. For a given set of beams, the fluences of the beamlets can drastically affect the quality of the treatment plan, and thus it is critical to obtain good fluence maps for radiation delivery. Although several approaches have been shown to yield good solutions to the FMO problem, these solutions are not guaranteed to be optimal.

The effect of altered loading following rotator cuff tears in a rat model on the regional mechanical properties of the long head of the biceps tendon.

Biceps tendon pathology is a common clinical problem often seen in conjunction with rotator cuff tears. A previous study found detrimental changes to biceps tendons in the presence of rotator cuff tears in a rat model. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize this model along with models of altered loading to investigate the effect of altered loading on the initiation of these detrimental changes.

Enhancing the eyes: use of minimally invasive techniques for periorbital rejuvenation.

Facial beauty, specifically of the periorbital complex, is an important component of physical attractiveness and non-verbal communication, and is reflective of chronological age. In fact, eye contact is often the first, and some say the most important, form of interaction between individuals. These properties have made rejuvenation of the periorbital complex highly desirable.

Multimodal therapy for localized spinal epidural follicular lymphoma.

Background: Myelopathy due to epidural spinal cord compression is rare in patients with malignant lymphoma and most of these patients are diagnosed with high-grade lymphoma. An epidural growth of low-grade lymphoma is even more unusual. Due to this low incidence, therapeutic experience for this entity is limited.

Does obesity affect early outcome of rotator cuff repair?

Background: Obesity is linked to major health conditions and poor surgical outcomes. The impact of obesity on self-perceived outcome after rotator cuff repair (RCR) is unclear.

Materials And Methods: We studied 154 patients who underwent RCR.

Randomized comparison of the safety and efficacy of tazarotene 0.1% cream and adapalene 0.3% gel in the treatment of patients with at least moderate facial acne vulgaris.

This 16-week study evaluated once-daily tazarotene 0.1% cream and adapalene 0.3% gel in patients with moderate-to-severe acne.

A 20-year experience with urgent percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass for salvage of potential survivors of refractory cardiovascular collapse.

Objective: In-hospital cardiac arrest or refractory shock carries a high mortality despite the use of advanced resuscitative measures. We have implemented an in-hospital, nurse-based, continuously available, percutaneous, venoarterial cardiopulmonary bypass system, also known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS), as an adjunct to resuscitation when initial measures are ineffective.

Methods: In 1986, a system for the rapid initiation of ECLS, was created in which trained critical care nurses primed an ECLS circuit and in-house physicians percutaneously placed required cannulas.

Polychlorinated biphenyls and Hudson River white perch: implications for population-level ecological risk assessment and risk management.

Risk assessments and risk management decisions concerning risks to wild fish populations resulting from exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related chemicals have been based primarily on observations of effects of chemicals on individual organisms. Although the development and application of population-level ecological risk-assessment methods is proceeding at a rapid pace, the organism-level approach is still being justified by arguments that population-level ecological risk assessment is in an early stage of development and has not been shown to be reliable. This article highlights the importance of including population-level effects in risk-management decision-making, by examining the effects of exposures to PCBs on fish populations inhabiting the Hudson River, New York, USA, a system in which data have been collected for approximately 30 y concerning both concentrations of PCBs in sediment and fish tissue and the abundance and reproduction of exposed fish populations.

A non-invasive acoustic and vibration analysis technique for evaluation of hip joint conditions.

The performance evaluation of THA outcome is difficult and surgeons often use invasive methods to investigate effectiveness. A non-invasive acoustic and vibration analysis technique has recently been developed for more-in-depth evaluation of in vivo hip conditions. Gait kinematics, corresponding vibration and sound measurement of five THA subjects were analyzed post-operatively using video-fluoroscopy, sound and accelerometer measurements while walking on a treadmill.