Concurrent high-grade glioma with cavernous malformations and pathogenic variants in PDCD10 and SMARCA4.

The co-occurrence of multiple disease processes can pose diagnostic challenges. We report an unusual case of a patient found to have co-occurrences of an IDH1-mutant high-grade glioma along with cerebral cavernous malformations and pathogenic germline variants in PDCD10 and SMARCA4. Somatic testing was done on the tumor and identified a SMARCA4 and two TP53 variants.

A report on learning gains and student confidence after incorporating an enzyme purification and characterization course-based undergraduate experience.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) can provide undergraduate students access to research opportunities when student and faculty resources are limited. In addition to expanding research opportunities, CUREs may also be explored as a pedagogical tool for improving student learning of course content and laboratory skills, as well as improving meta-cognitive features such as confidence. We examined how a 6-week CURE in an upper-level undergraduate biochemistry lab affected student gains in content knowledge and confidence in scientific abilities, compared to a non-CURE section of the same course.

Olive- and Coconut-Oil-Enriched Diets Decreased Secondary Bile Acids and Regulated Metabolic and Transcriptomic Markers of Brain Injury in the Frontal Cortexes of NAFLD Pigs.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) saturation and carbon chain length on brain bile acid (BA) metabolism and neuronal number in a pig model of pediatric NAFLD. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs, pair-housed in pens, were randomly assigned to receive one of three hypercaloric diets for 10 weeks: (1) lard-enriched (LAR; = 5 pens), (2) olive-oil-enriched (OLI, = 5), and (3) coconut-oil-enriched (COC; = 5). Pig behavior and activity were analyzed throughout the study.

Dietary fat composition shapes bile acid metabolism and severity of liver injury in a pig model of pediatric NAFLD.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) composition on bile acid (BA) metabolism in a pig model of NAFLD, by using a multiomics approach combined with histology and serum biochemistry. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs pair-housed in pens were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 hypercaloric diets for 10 wk: ) lard-enriched (LAR; = 5 pens), ) olive oil-enriched (OLI; = 5), and ) coconut oil-enriched (COC; = 5). Animals were euthanized on after blood sampling, and liver, colon, and distal ileum (DI) were collected for histology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics.

In their own words: Topic analysis of the motivations and strategies of over 6,000 long-term weight-loss maintainers.

Objective: This study aimed to identify major themes of a large cohort experiencing long-term weight-loss maintenance who answered open-ended questions about weight-loss triggers, current motivations, strategies, and experiences.

Methods: Machine learning and topic modeling were used to analyze responses to six open-ended questions among 6,139 WW International, Inc., (formerly Weight Watchers) members with weight-loss maintenance; inclusion criteria included ≥9.

Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Compared with Sucrose Promotes Adiposity and Increased Triglyceridemia but Comparable NAFLD Severity in Juvenile Iberian Pigs.

Background: Fructose consumption has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. However, the effect of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) compared with sucrose in pediatric NAFLD has not been investigated.

Objectives: We tested whether the isocaloric substitution of dietary sucrose by HFCS would increase the severity of NAFLD in juvenile pigs, and whether this effect would be associated with changes in gut histology, SCFA production, and microbial diversity.

%polynova_2way: A SAS macro for implementation of mixed models for metabolomics data.

The generation of large metabolomic data sets has created a high demand for software that can fit statistical models to one-metabolite-at-a-time on hundreds of metabolites. We provide the %polynova_2way macro in SAS to identify metabolites differentially expressed in study designs with a two-way factorial treatment and hierarchical design structure. For each metabolite, the macro calculates the least squares means using a linear mixed model with fixed and random effects, runs a 2-way ANOVA, corrects the P-values for the number of metabolites using the false discovery rate or Bonferroni procedure, and calculate the P-value for the least squares mean differences for each metabolite.

Neurodegeneration in juvenile Iberian pigs with diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether juvenile Iberian pigs with diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cholestasis, and gut dysbiosis would develop histological and metabolic markers of neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex (FC) and whether supplementing probiotics would influence the response to the diet. Twenty-eight juvenile Iberian pigs were fed for 10 wk either a control (CON) or high-fructose high-fat (HFF) diet with or without a commercial probiotic mixture. Compared with CON, HFF-fed pigs had a decreased number of neurons and an increase in reactive astrocytes in FC tissue.

Fruit and Vegetable Purchasing Patterns and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation: Findings From a Nationally Representative Survey.

Background: Previous studies suggest that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants purchase less produce than nonparticipants. Whether this is due to buying smaller amounts or to being less likely to buy any produce is unclear. Purchase patterns may also differ over the monthly distribution cycle.

Bioacoustics in cognitive research: Applications, considerations, and recommendations.

The multifaceted ability to produce, transmit, receive, and respond to acoustic signals is widespread in animals and forms the basis of the interdisciplinary science of bioacoustics. Bioacoustics research methods, including sound recording and playback experiments, are applicable in cognitive research that centers around the processing of information from the acoustic environment. We provide an overview of bioacoustics techniques in the context of cognitive studies and make the case for the importance of bioacoustics in the study of cognition by outlining some of the major cognitive processes in which acoustic signals are involved.

Dysregulated FXR-FGF19 signaling and choline metabolism are associated with gut dysbiosis and hyperplasia in a novel pig model of pediatric NASH.

To investigate the role of bile acids (BAs) in the pathogenesis of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we fed a "Western-style diet" [high fructose, high fat (HFF)] enriched with fructose, cholesterol, and saturated fat for 10 wk to juvenile Iberian pigs. We also supplemented probiotics with in vitro BA deconjugating activity to evaluate their potential therapeutic effect in NASH. Liver lipid and function, cytokines, and hormones were analyzed using commercially available kits.

Interactions with humans are jointly influenced by life history stage and social network factors and reduce group cohesion in moor macaques (Macaca maura).

Human-wildlife encounters are becoming increasingly frequent across the globe, often leading people to interact with and feed wild animals and impacting animal behaviour and ecology. Although the nature of human-wildlife interactions has been well documented across a number of species, we still have limited understanding as to why some individual animals interact more frequently with humans than others. Additionally, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how these interactions influence animal social networks.

Mice deficient in the mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) respond with delayed tumour growth to a challenge with EL-4 lymphoma.

Background: The mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm) is a recently discovered cancer marker with a poorly defined role in tumour progression.

Methods: To understand how a loss of function of BCATm affects cancer, the global knockout mouse BCATmKO was challenged with EL-4 lymphoma under different diet compositions with varying amounts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Next, the growth and metabolism of EL-4 cells were studied in the presence of different leucine concentrations in the growth medium.

[Vascular Lesions of Vocal Folds - Part 2: Perpendicular Vascular Lesions].

The present work aims at a systematic pathogenetic description of perpendicular vascular changes in the vocal folds. Unlike longitudinal vascular changes, like ectasia and meander, perpendicular vascular changes can be observed in bening lesions. They predominantly occur as typical vascular loops in exophytic lesions, especially in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), pre-cancerous and cancerous diseases of the larynx and vocal folds.

[Morphologic classification of Reinke's edema through optical coherence tomography].

Objective: Several classification systems for Reinke's edema have been proposed in the past, which are somewhat less than morphologically ideal. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to attain a reproducible graduation of Reinke's edema.

Material And Methods: In a prospective study, 30 consecutive patients underwent endolaryngeal, microsurgical resection of their Reinke's edema.

[Optical coherence tomography : significance of a new method for assessing unclear laryngeal pathologies].

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technology of as yet unknown significance in laryngology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of this noninvasive method to reliably predict diagnosis and possible malignancy in laryngeal disease.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective study, a total of 225 laryngeal lesions in 201 consecutive patients were examined during elective microlaryngoscopy.

Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new, noninvasive imaging technology for the evaluation of superficial lesions. The objective of this study is to evaluate microlaryngoscopy in combination with OCT compared with microlaryngoscopy alone (ie, without OCT) in supplying a specific diagnosis, predicting invasive tumor growth and epithelial dysplasia in the larynx.

Methods: This was a prospective study including 217 laryngeal lesions in a total of 193 patients undergoing surgery.

[Mucosal lesions in the larynx: predictive value of new imaging modalities for a histological diagnosis].

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high-frequency ultrasound are promising new methods in the early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. However, no reliable values are given in the literature for epithelial thickness in early laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions of the vocal folds.

Patients And Methods: In the present study, epithelial thickness in different benign and malignant lesions of the vocal folds was determined histologically using a normal white light microscope.

Technique of optical coherence tomography of the larynx during microlaryngoscopy.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new, noninvasive imaging technology for the evaluation of superficial lesions. Because of a penetrating depth of a few millimeters and an ultrahigh tissue resolution, it qualifies for use in the larynx and might in the near future play an important role in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative investigation of early laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions. Especially directed to otolaryngologists, this paper describes the technique of in vivo OCT imaging of the larynx in detail during microlaryngoscopy and supplies a number of personal hints.

Histologic assessment of epithelial thickness in early laryngeal cancer or precursor lesions and its impact on endoscopic imaging.

The objective of the study was to assess the epithelial thickness in different lesions of the vocal folds in order to gain more information about its influence on endoscopic imaging. Retrospective study including 161 patients undergoing surgery for a total of 206 benign and malignant lesions of the vocal folds. Laryngoscopy and autofluorescence endoscopy were the first line of investigation for these lesions.

Indirect fluorescence laryngoscopy in the diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous laryngeal lesions.

Indirect fluorescence endoscopy of the larynx has proven to facilitate the detection and delineation of precancerous and cancerous lesion. The different methods are easy to handle and can be performed on an outpatient basis. Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions is simplified.

Spectrometric measurement in laryngeal cancer.

Only early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer can prevent major or mutilating treatment. Recently, autofluorescence endoscopy has been developed to enhance endoscopic information and succeeded in facilitating the detection and demarcation of precancerous lesions, carcinoma in situ and cancer of the larynx. The aim of the present study is to quantify autofluorescence imaging by spectroscopy in order to validate the above mentioned findings.

[Autofluorescence endoscopy for diagnosing early laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions].

Objective: To assess autofluorescence endoscopy in the diagnosis of early laryngeal cancer and its precancerous lesions.

Methods: Seventy five patients suspected of having precancerous or cancerous lesions were examined with autofluorescence endoscopy (filtered blue light 380460 nm) under microlaryngoscopy. Autofluorescence pictures were taken with high-solution CCD-camera for analysis, diagnosis and storage, to compare with histologic results.

Direct and indirect autofluorescence laryngoscopy in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions.

Autofluorescence endoscopy has proven to facilitate the detection and delineation of precancerous lesions, carcinoma in situ and microinvasive cancer during bronchoscopy. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic potential and limitations of this imaging technique applied during direct and indirect laryngoscopy. In a prospective study, 109 patients with suspected precancerous or cancerous lesions were investigated preoperatively by indirect autofluorescence laryngoscopy as well as during microlaryngoscopy.

[Laryngeal epithelial dysplasia vs. laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia].

Laryngeal cancer is the most frequent malignancy of the upper respiratory tract. Only the very early treatment of tumors or even of their precursor lesions will be both curative and organ preserving. Microsurgical techniques facilitate early detection and complete removal of limited lesions can be achieved quite frequently, but follow-up data for such lesions are difficult to obtain.