A Review of the Role of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-1 Inhibitors in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Previous research has demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at an increased risk for cardiovascular events, including heart failure (HF). Moreover, there is a higher risk of mortality in individuals who have both T2DM and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although there are antidiabetic agents that have shown both cardiovascular safety and improved cardiovascular outcomes, only certain agents have been associated with HF benefits, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Human Obesity Associated with an Intronic SNP in the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Locus.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in energy balance. In population studies, SNPs of the BDNF locus have been linked to obesity, but the mechanism by which these variants cause weight gain is unknown. Here, we examined human hypothalamic BDNF expression in association with 44 BDNF SNPs.

Loxapine add-on for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders and irritability.

Objectives: Our clinical experience with low dose loxapine (5-15 mg/day) suggests promising efficacy and safety for irritability in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We studied low dose loxapine prospectively in adolescents and adults with ASD and irritability. Additionally, we measured loxapine and metabolite concentrations, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker of neuromodulation.