No association between vascular aging and sarcopenia in healthy participants.

Background & Aims: Several reports inform an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia. However, both conditions appear along with aging. Therefore, their association may be circumstantial and not casually linked.

High-intensity interval training prevents muscle mass loss in overweight Chilean young adults during a hypocaloric-Mediterranean diet: a randomized trial.

The hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MD) mainly reduces fat mass but inevitably causes a loss of skeletal muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to have advantages in preserving muscle mass during a hypocaloric regime. Our study compares body composition and metabolic changes in overweight and obese Chilean women and men after 3 months of weight loss treatment with a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet, HIIT, or a combination of both.

Ultrasound assessment of rectus femoris pennation angle and echogenicity. Their association with muscle functional measures and fat infiltration measured by CT scan.

Background & Aims: Ultrasound can be used to measure the pennation angle between muscle fiver and the presumed axis of force generation and muscle echogenicity as an indicator of muscle fat infiltration. We aimed to assess the association of the rectus femoris pennation angle and echogenicity with muscle functional measures. Also, to assess the concordance of rectus femoris echogenicity with muscle fat infiltration as determined by CT scan.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of an Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement in Patients With Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce albuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on albuminuria, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and inflammatory markers in patients with CKD.

Methods: Patients with CKD and a urine albumin excretion of at least 30 mg/g creatinine were supplemented for 3 months with 3,666 mg/day of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids or a corn oil supplement.

Accuracy of a Semi-Quantitative Ultrasound Method to Determine Liver Fat Infiltration in Early Adulthood.

An inexpensive and simple method to determine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the abdominal ultrasound, but there are still doubts about its accuracy. We assessed the precision of a semi-quantitative ultrasound method to determine liver fat infiltration, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as the reference. The study was conducted in youths from an ongoing cohort study.

Obesity and impairment of pancreatic β-cell function in early adulthood, independent of obesity age of onset: The Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Aim: We investigated the relation of time of onset and length of obesity with biomarkers of β-cell function in early adulthood in an infancy cohort.

Material And Methods: In 1039 23-year-olds, body-mass index (BMI) was measured at multiple time-points from enrollment. BMI trajectories were interpolated with cubic polynomials.

Efficacy of urine urea nitrogen measurement to assess the compliance with protein restricted diets.

Background: protein restriction is the mainstay of dietary management of chronic kidney disease. Aim: to assess the usefulness of urine urea nitrogen measurement as a marker of protein restriction. Methods: healthy young participants were randomly divided in two groups.

Association between activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen consumption with sarcopenia.

Background: Sedentariness may be an important risk factor for sarcopenia. The aim of this work was to assess the association between muscle mass and strength and markers of usual physical activity such as activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen uptake.

Methods: Young and old participants were assessed measuring body composition by DEXA (double beam X ray absorptiometry), handgrip strength, peak oxygen consumption and workload during an exercise calorimetry in a braked cycle ergometer and a 72 h activity energy expenditure using Actiheart actigraphs.

Sarcopenia: The need to establish different cutoff points of fat-free mass for the Chilean population.

Objectives: International cutoff points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are not applicable to the Chilean population due to previous evidence of a lower lean mass and strength in this population. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is used to establish fat-free mass cutoff points to define sarcopenia in the Chilean population and analyze its association with handgrip strength in older adults.

Methods: Appendicular fat-free mass (AFFM) was calculated from 4062 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometries of healthy Chileans, ages 18 to 99 y.

Maximal expiratory pressure predicts mortality in patients hospitalized in medical and surgical wards.

Background: the prognostic value of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures on functional capacity and mortality of hospitalized patients are not well established.

Aim: to evaluate the prognostic value of respiratory pressures in hospitalized patients.

Methods: patients admitted to a general hospital in Santiago-Chile were prospectively studied.

Effects of Two Training Modalities on Body Fat and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women.

Henríquez, S, Monsalves-Alvarez, M, Jimenez, T, Barrera, G, Hirsch, S, de la Maza, MP, Leiva, L, Rodriguez, JM, Silva, C, and Bunout, D. Effects of two training modalities on body fat and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2955-2964, 2017-Our objective was to compare the effects of a low-load circuit resistance training protocol and usual aerobic training in postmenopausal women.

Irisin is weakly associated with usual physical activity in young overweight women.

Purpose: To determine if irisin plasma levels are associated with regular physical activity, body composition and metabolic parameters in women subjected to calorie restriction.

Subjects And Methods: We studied 42 women aged 34 ± 13 years with a body mass index of 27.7 ± 1.

Admission handgrip strength predicts functional decline in hospitalized patients.

Problem: Up to 35% of hospitalized patients may experience functional decline during or after hospitalization. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and handgrip strength at admission, have been proposed as simple and accessible tools to predict functional decline, but there are few studies in hospitalized patients to confirm these findings.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of handgrip strength at hospital admission, on functional decline after 30 days.

FACTORS RELATED TO TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN OLDER ADULTS (CHILE).

Aim: to asses Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in healthy Chilean institutionalized or independently older people Methods: twenty seven young (27-30 years), 27 institutionalized (> 65 years old) and 27 free-living older (> 65 years old) participants were studied. Body composition was estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity energy expenditure (AEE) and TEE were assessed using Actiheart accelerometers.

Rectus femoris (RF) ultrasound for the assessment of muscle mass in older people.

Background: Simple and reliable methods to evaluate muscle mass in older people are lacking.

Aim: To evaluate ultrasound as a measure of RF muscle mass and quality in healthy subjects of different ages and gender, assessing its concordance with dual energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA) and association with muscle strength and walking capacity.

Methods: We selected 54 adults of both genders, aged 20-55 years and 51 adults older than 60 years.

[Evaluation of a program for management of metabolic syndrome in adults with overweight and obesity].

Background: The Chilean Ministry of Health developed a healthy lifestyles intervention directed to adults with overweight and cardiovascular risk factors, called "Program on Healthy Eating and Physical Activity" (PASAF).

Aim: To evaluate the impact of PASAF on nutritional status and metabolic parameters.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed databases from three primary care centers belonging to a municipality of Metropolitan Santiago.

Associations between socioeconomic status, aging and functionality among older women.

To assess if there is an association between socioeconomic status and quality of life, functional status and markers of aging, we studied 86 women aged 73 ± 7 years, who answered the WHO Qol Bref quality of life survey. Mini mental state examination, timed up and go test, 12 minutes' walk, hand grip and quadriceps strength, dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), carotid intima-media thickness and telomere length in peripheral leukocytes were measured. Successful aging was defined as a walking speed, handgrip strength, appendicular lean body mass, timed up and go and minimental values above cutoff points for disability.

Central obesity and not age increases skeletal muscle lipids, without influencing lean body mass and strength.

Background/aims: To measure skeletal muscle lipid infiltration, its association with insulin resistance (IR) lean mass and function, in Chilean men differing in age and body composition. Our hypothesis was that muscle lipid accumulation would be higher among older and heavier individuals and this would deteriorate insulin sensitivity (IS) and decrease muscle mass and function, both features of the ageing process.

Methods: Healthy men (38 < 55 and 18 > 65 years), underwent anthropometric measurements, body composition assessment through radiologic densitometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy at the tibialis anterioris muscle to measure intra (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL), quadriceps and handgrip strength, 12 minute walking distance and serum biochemistry (haemoglobin, lipoproteins, creatinine, ultrasensitive C Reactive Protein, fasting and post glucose insulin and glucose concentrations, to assess IS).

Variability of formulas to assess insulin sensitivity and their association with the Matsuda index.

Objective: To assess the individual variability of HOMA and QUICKI indexes for the assessment of insulin resistance, using three fasting blood samples obtained within 30 minutes.

Research Methods & Procedures: Data from 80 participants aged 41.5 ± 15 years (26 females), who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to calculate Matsuda index, were used.

Carotid ultrasound examination as an aging and disability marker.

Aim: To explore the usefulness of carotid ultrasound examination as a marker of aging and predictor of disability among older people.

Methods: Carotid ultrasound, measuring carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and recording the presence of plaques, was carried out in 152 adults aged 29-59 years (47 women) and in 107 older adults aged 61-88 years (86 women). In all, clinical routine laboratory parameters and lymphocyte telomere length as T/S ratio were measured.

Variability of glycemic and insulin response to a standard meal, within and between healthy subjects.

Aim: To test the variability within and between subject of glycemic response test following the ingestion of a standard food.

Material And Methods: Glucose and insulin response of a standard meal (white bread) was performed in ten healthy volunteers and repeated under identical conditions for 6 times. Blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in the fasted state and over the 180 min following commencement of consumption of the foods The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin was calculated for the values above baseline for the 3-hour period following the standard meal.

Association between sarcopenia and mortality in healthy older people.

Aim: To evaluate the association between loss of fat-free mass and mortality among older people.

Methods: Information of healthy Chilean older people evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used, identifying those who died in a period of 12 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify mortality predictors.

[Quality of life of patients subjected to gastric bypass more than one year ago: influence of socioeconomic status].

Background: The study of the effects of bariatric surgery on quality of life in patients of different socioeconomic levels (SEL) is worthwhile.

Aim: To study quality of life (QoL), eating behavior, depressive symptoms and sexuality in patients subjected to a gastric bypass (GBP) more than 1 year before.

Material And Methods: The sample was composed of 33 GPB patients (19 high SEL and 14 low SEL), and 27 non-operated women (18 high SEL and 9 low SEL) of similar weight and age, as controls.

Effects of enalapril or nifedipine on muscle strength or functional capacity in elderly subjects. A double blind trial.

Introduction: The inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme could be useful to avoid sarcopenia in the elderly.

Materials And Methods: We compared in a prospective double blind trial, the effects of treatment with enalapril or nifedipine on muscle performance in hypertensive elderly subjects. Patients were followed for nine months, and at baseline, 4.