Gartland classification concordance of supracondylar fractures among pediatric emergency medicine physicians, radiologists, and orthopedic surgeons.

Background: The modified Gartland classification is the most widely accepted grading method of supracondylar humeral fractures among orthopedic surgeons and is relevant to identifying fractures that may require surgery.

Objective: To assess the interobserver reliability of the modified Gartland classification among pediatric radiologists, pediatric orthopedic surgeons, and pediatric emergency medicine physicians.

Materials And Methods: Elbow radiographs for 100 children with supracondylar humeral fractures were retrospectively independently graded by two pediatric radiologists, two pediatric orthopedic surgeons, and two pediatric emergency medicine physicians using the modified Gartland classification.

The Gartland classification for expediting supracondylar humerus fracture triage: a collaborative approach to structured reporting between pediatric radiologists and orthopedists.

Background: The modified Gartland classification is an important tool for evaluation of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) because it can direct treatment decisions. Gartland type I can be managed outpatient, while emergent surgical consult occurs with type II and III. This study assesses the interobserver reliability of the Gartland classification between pediatric radiologists and orthopedic providers.

Metastatic Competency and Tumor Spheroid Formation Are Independent Cell States Governed by RB in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Unlabelled: Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with the rapid acquisition of metastatic ability and the loss of lung cell lineage commitment. We previously showed that restoration of RB in advanced lung adenocarcinomas in the mouse was correlated with a decreased frequency of lineage decommitted tumors and overt metastases. To identify a causal relationship for RB and its role in reprogramming lineage commitment and reducing metastatic competency in lung adenocarcinoma, we developed multiple tumor spheroid forming lines where RB restoration could be achieved after characterization of the degree of each spheroid's lineage commitment and metastatic ability.

p53 restoration in small cell lung cancer identifies a latent cyclophilin-dependent necrosis mechanism.

The p53 tumor suppressor regulates multiple context-dependent tumor suppressive programs. Although p53 is mutated in ~90% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, how p53 mediates tumor suppression in this context is unknown. Here, using a mouse model of SCLC in which endogenous p53 expression can be conditionally and temporally regulated, we show that SCLC tumors maintain a requirement for p53 inactivation.

Expanding the stdpopsim species catalog, and lessons learned for realistic genome simulations.

Simulation is a key tool in population genetics for both methods development and empirical research, but producing simulations that recapitulate the main features of genomic datasets remains a major obstacle. Today, more realistic simulations are possible thanks to large increases in the quantity and quality of available genetic data, and the sophistication of inference and simulation software. However, implementing these simulations still requires substantial time and specialized knowledge.

Setd2 inactivation sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma to inhibitors of oxidative respiration and mTORC1 signaling.

SETD2 is a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated in several cancer types. The mechanisms through which SETD2 inactivation promotes cancer are unclear, and whether targetable vulnerabilities exist in these tumors is unknown. Here we identify heightened mTORC1-associated gene expression programs and functionally higher levels of oxidative metabolism and protein synthesis as prominent consequences of Setd2 inactivation in KRAS-driven mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma.

Arthroscopic Repair of Radial Tears in the Junction of the Anterior Horn and Body of the Lateral Meniscus Using an All-Inside Device.

Surgical treatment of radial tears in the junction of the anterior horn and body of the lateral meniscus is indicated in the acute setting and with failure of nonoperative therapy. There are several options for arthroscopic repair; however, these are more technically difficult to perform because of the current surgical instruments available to address these tears. An outside-in technique is the current standard of care for this tear location and pattern.

Loss of Reduction and Malunion After Cortical Perforation During Flexible Nailing of an Open Tibia Fracture.

Tibial shaft fractures have a relatively high incidence in the pediatric population. There are numerous ways to address this trauma including external fixation, plate osteosynthesis, flexible nailing, and closed treatment with the selection of each modality depending on multiple factors, including fracture characteristics as well as potential adverse events. Flexible nailing is a method of treatment at our institution for displaced tibial shaft fractures in patients who are not obese, who are skeletally immature, and whose fractures are not amenable to closed treatment.

Efficient ancestry and mutation simulation with msprime 1.0.

Stochastic simulation is a key tool in population genetics, since the models involved are often analytically intractable and simulation is usually the only way of obtaining ground-truth data to evaluate inferences. Because of this, a large number of specialized simulation programs have been developed, each filling a particular niche, but with largely overlapping functionality and a substantial duplication of effort. Here, we introduce msprime version 1.

Multiple pools of PP2A regulate spindle assembly, kinetochore attachments and cohesion in Drosophila oocytes.

Meiosis in female oocytes lacks centrosomes, the microtubule-organizing centers. In Drosophila oocytes, meiotic spindle assembly depends on the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). To investigate the mechanisms that regulate Aurora B activity, we examined the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in Drosophila oocyte meiosis.

Pediatric discoid meniscus: can magnetic resonance imaging features coupled with clinical symptoms predict the need for surgery?

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria for evaluating discoid meniscus is limited in the pediatric population.

Objective: To assess MRI features of intact discoid meniscus and correlate with clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: In this institutional review board (IRB)-approved retrospective cohort study, knee MRIs at our institution from 2008 to 2019 were reviewed.

Pediatric Bassett's ligament: pathology or normal anatomy?

Background: Bassett's ligament is an accessory fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. The prevalence, normal thickness and clinical implications of a thickened ligament have not been described in the pediatric radiology literature.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and thickness of Bassett's ligament in pediatric patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of lateral talar osteochondral lesions, medial talar osteochondral lesions and posterior ankle impingement, to compare these measurements with normal MRIs, and to compare the reproducibility of these measurements.

Jupyter notebook-based tools for building structured datasets from the Sequence Read Archive.

The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) is a large public repository that stores raw next-generation sequencing data from thousands of diverse scientific investigations.  Despite its promise, reuse and re-analysis of SRA data has been challenged by the heterogeneity and poor quality of the metadata that describe its biological samples. Recently, the MetaSRA project standardized these metadata by annotating each sample with terms from biomedical ontologies.

A community-maintained standard library of population genetic models.

The explosion in population genomic data demands ever more complex modes of analysis, and increasingly, these analyses depend on sophisticated simulations. Recent advances in population genetic simulation have made it possible to simulate large and complex models, but specifying such models for a particular simulation engine remains a difficult and error-prone task. Computational genetics researchers currently re-implement simulation models independently, leading to inconsistency and duplication of effort.

Substructured Population Growth in the Ashkenazi Jews Inferred with Approximate Bayesian Computation.

The Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) are a population isolate sharing ancestry with both European and Middle Eastern populations that has likely resided in Central Europe since at least the tenth century. Between the 11th and 16th centuries, the AJ population expanded eastward leading to two culturally distinct communities in Western/Central and Eastern Europe. Our aim was to determine whether the western and eastern groups are genetically distinct, and if so, what demographic processes contributed to population differentiation.

Forearm Pronation Osteotomy for Supination Contracture Secondary to Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy can lead to fixed forearm supination contracture. Fixed supination may lead to functional deficits as the affected hand cannot be positioned optimally for activities on a desk such as writing and typing, or for using tools including utensils, which require a neutral or pronated forearm. Forearm pronation osteotomy has been used to address this problem, although the functional benefit over nonoperative management has not been clearly defined.

Reducing resource utilization during non-operative treatment of pediatric proximal humerus fractures.

Introduction: The majority of proximal humeral fractures in the skeletally immature are treated non-operatively. Operative indications vary but are largely based on degree of displacement. Non-union is rare.

Cognitive Reserve and Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults.

Objectives: To examine the role of cognitive reserve in reducing delirium incidence and severity in older adults undergoing surgery.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Hospital.

Painful Hips and a Nodular Neck: Bilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Leading to the Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia: A Case Report.

Case: A twelve-year-old slender white girl underwent pinning of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) on both the right and left sides. The bilateral nature of the disease and her slender build prompted consideration of an underlying predisposition. She was referred for medical evaluation, which resulted in the identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

No evidence from genome-wide data of a Khazar origin for the Ashkenazi Jews.

The origin and history of the Ashkenazi Jewish population have long been of great interest, and advances in high-throughput genetic analysis have recently provided a new approach for investigating these topics. We and others have argued on the basis of genome-wide data that the Ashkenazi Jewish population derives its ancestry from a combination of sources tracing to both Europe and the Middle East. It has been claimed, however, through a reanalysis of some of our data, that a large part of the ancestry of the Ashkenazi population originates with the Khazars, a Turkic-speaking group that lived to the north of the Caucasus region ~1,000 years ago.

Measuring sesamoid position in hallux valgus: when is the sesamoid axial view necessary?

Unlabelled: Measuring tibial sesamoid position is an important component of the preoperative radiographic evaluation of hallux valgus as it helps guide the surgeon in surgical selection. Tibial sesamoid position is typically measured on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph on a scale from 1 to 7 as described by Hardy and Clapham. Some authors have advocated measuring the position on the sesamoid axial view, noting that the AP and axial views often yield different measurements.

Comparison of nurse, system and quality patient care outcomes in 8-hour and 12-hour shifts.

Background: Many nurses desire 12-hour shifts. However, there are concerns about implementation.

Objective: We sought to compare the effects of 8- and 12-hour shifts on nurse, system, and quality patient care outcomes.

Recurrence rates of treated basal cell carcinomas. Part 4: X-ray therapy.

This is the fourth report in a series that reviews the experience in the Skin and Cancer Unit, from 1955 through 1982, with the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). It concerns 862 primary (previously untreated) BCCs irradiated by a "standardized" x-ray therapy schedule. The overall 5-year recurrence rate for these lesions, as determined by the modified life-table method, was 7.