Impacts of Waste Rubber Products on the Structure and Properties of Modified Asphalt Binder: Part II-Rubber Reclaim.

The issue of forming a reliable and stable structure of a crumb-rubber-modified binder is an important scientific and technical task. The authors supplemented existing concepts of the mechanism of effective interaction with rubber crumb by introducing a preliminary first stage: controlled partial physical destruction of rubber crumb-producing rubber reclaim. Proposed physical methods of rubber crumb destruction include high shear force (roll mills), high temperature, and a plasticizing medium.

Impacts of Waste Rubber Products on the Structure and Properties of Modified Asphalt Binder: Part I-Crumb Rubber.

The issue of forming a reliable and sustainable structure of crumb-rubber-modified binder is an important scientific and technical task. The quality of this task will increase the technical and economic efficiencies of road construction materials. This work is dedicated to developing a scientifically justified method of directed thermomechanical devulcanization, which ensures the solubility of the crumb rubber in the complex structure of a polydisperse composite material, preventing the formation of aggregates consisting of unsaturated crumb rubber particles, whose elastic aftereffect causes intensive cracking, especially during low-temperature road operations.

The Influence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Aging Performance of Polymer-Modified Binders.

The use of polymer-modified binders in asphalt concrete makes it possible to increase the efficiency and durability of highways. However, at present, there is an important and unresolved problem in this area, making it impossible to fully exploit the potential of modified binders. This is a tendency of aging processes that leads to the premature destruction of the pavement.

Reuse and Mechanochemical Processing of Ore Dressing Tailings Used for Extracting Pb and Zn.

The increasing accumulation of rock waste obtained due to ore processing and its environmental impacts, such as acid mine drainage and elevated concentrations of heavy metals in soils, necessitates the transformation of mining technologies based on the concept of circular waste management. The research is aimed at improving the parameters of the mechanical activation effect produced on technogenic georesources, as well as at expanding the application scope of disintegrators in the field of using the partial backfill of the mined-out space when developing stratified deposits. In this regard, the research purpose was to substantiate the parameters of extracting metals from enrichment tailings using their mechanochemical activation to ensure cyclic waste management.

Parameters of TNF receptor co-expression in allergic and autoimmune processes: Differences and diagnostic significance.

The authors used a method quantitative estimation density of TNFR1/TNFR2 on cells by flow cytometry with calibration particles, which allowed them to estimate the absolute number of receptors on cells regardless of the type of flow cytometer. The TNF receptor expression parameters were used to determine their association with the fact of disease and to build diagnostic models. The proposed methodological approach using a combination of flow cytometry and mathematical modeling techniques represents a promising direction for testing the diagnostic and prognostic significance of the studied biomarkers.

High temperature phases of borophene: borophene glass and liquid.

Borophene is a family of two-dimensional (2D) boron materials containing many isomers with different hole concentrations and distributions in a triangular lattice. Although it has been widely studied theoretically and some have been synthesized experimentally, their thermodynamic properties are still unexplored. Based on density functional theory (DFT), we developed an accurate potential for the kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of borophene.

Development and Testing of the Thermoelectric Thermal Energy Conversion Device in the Conditions of Existing Aluminum Production.

The aim of the work is to develop an energy-saving device that provides the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy. The design and materials of the thermoelectric converter unit, consisting of 12 thermoelectric converter modules, a cooling radiator and a switching unit, were developed and selected. Based on the test results, the zone of the maximum temperatures in the section of the gas duct recommended for the installation of a gas cooling module using a thermoelectric converter was determined.

Redistribution of TNF Receptor 1 and 2 Expression on Immune Cells in Patients with Bronchial Asthma.

Background: The co-expression patterns of type 1 and 2 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α membrane receptors (TNFR1/TNFR2) are associated with the presence, stage, and activity of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the expression levels and dynamics of TNFRs on immune cells and to assess associations between their expression and severity of bronchial asthma (BA).

Methods: Patients with severe (n = 8), moderate (n = 10), and mild (n = 4) BA were enrolled.

Hydration of Cement in the Presence of Biocidal Modifiers Based on Metal Hydrosilicates.

This article presents the results of a study of the characteristics of hydration and properties of a composite biocidal cement binder containing hydrosilicates of barium, copper or zinc. It was found that copper hydrosilicates block hydration processes, and when zinc hydrosilicates are used, the rate of hydration is determined by the content of silicic acid. The limiting concentrations of biocidal modifiers have been established: zinc hydrosilicates-no more than 4% and copper hydrosilicates-no more than 0.

Reasons for Reduced Moisture Resistance of Sulfur-Extended Asphalt Concrete.

The paper presents the results of a study of the mechanism for reducing the moisture resistance of sulfur-extended asphalt concrete. It is shown that a decrease in moisture resistance occurs due to the occurrence of chemical and physical processes. At the same time, it was found that during the manufacture of sulfur-bitumen composites, toxic gases HS and SO are formed, which are capable of interacting with a mineral filler, as well as the interaction of sulfur with a mineral powder with the formation of sulfur-containing water-soluble salts, the extraction of which leads to a decrease in the moisture resistance of sulfur-bitumen materials.

Co-Expression Profile of TNF Membrane-Bound Receptors Type 1 and 2 in Rheumatoid Arthritis on Immunocompetent Cells Subsets.

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) is an important proinflammatory cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) immune processes. However, TNFα activity and functions may be regulated by soluble receptors, which act as decoys, and by number, density, and co-expression of its membrane-bound receptors type 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2). The aim of this study was to reveal associations between TNFR1/2 co-expression profile parameters and RA disease activity indicators.

Dynamics of concomitant therapy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with etanercept and methotrexate.

Background: Both the steroid- and NSAID-sparing effects of biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treatment are key aspects of the dynamics of patient's condition. The proper selection of biologics enables maximum treatment effectiveness and reduction of the dosage of concomitant therapy. Our aim was to study the dynamics of concomitant therapy during etanercept (ETA) and methotrexate (MTX) treatment in patients with JIA.

Comparative analysis of the etanercept efficacy in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis under the age of 4 years and children of older age groups using the propensity score matching method.

: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of etanercept (ETA) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) under the age of 4 years and to compare the data with those for older age groups. : Three groups comprising 34 patients each (total of 102 patients) were selected using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. The study group (patients under the age of 4 years; the Junior group (JNR)) was compared with patients of the older age groups, adjusted for criteria such as gender, JIA category, JIA severity, and either age at disease onset (the Reference by Age of disease Onset (RAO) group) or disease duration (the Reference by Disease Duration (RDD) group).

Flow diversion versus parent artery occlusion with bypass in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms: Immediate and short-term outcomes of the randomized trial.

Objective: We performed prospective randomized comparison of clinical and surgical outcomes of flow diversion versus PVO and bypass in patients with complex anterior circulation aneurysms.

Patients And Methods: Open, prospective, randomized, parallel group, multicenter study of complex intracranial aneurysms treatment was conducted. Patients with complex intracranial aneurysms of anterior circulation with neck is more than 4 mm wide, dome/neck ratio is equal or less than 2:1, which is suitable for flow diversion and occlusion with bypass were included in the study.

[Evidence-based medicine: opportunities of the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method in eliminating selection bias in retrospective neurosurgical studies].

To date, a large amount of retrospectively collected data about treatment of neurosurgical pathology have been accumulated. Modern methods of medical statistics are necessary for correct interpretation of the data. The article purpose is to demonstrate application of one of the modern methods, Propensity Score Matching (PSM), in neurosurgery.

Enhanced expression of TNF-α type-1 receptors by immune cells in active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its inhibitors are involved in both defence against tuberculosis (TB) and damage to the host by TB. Notably, the change in receptor expression on cell density is a key mechanism in regulation of the biological properties of cytokines.

Objective: To study the differences in TNF-α receptor (TNFR) expression in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (aPTB) in correlation with the parameters of disease severity.

Expression of TNFα Receptors on Immunocompetent Cells Is Increased in Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: Expression levels of cytokine and growth factor receptors have been found to be important in the regulation of their action. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is actively involved in inflammation processes in atopic dermatitis (AD), but the role of TNFα membrane receptors (TNFR) and their regulatory function in AD remains unclear.

Aim: We aimed to determine the associations of parameters of TNFRα expression on immunocompetent cells with disease severity before and after therapy in AD patients.

[Description of aging dogs and fruit flies based on the kinetic theory].

The aim of the study is to assess the adequacy of model representations, accepted in the kinetic theory of aging of living systems, the analysis of the experimental data obtained on dogs and fruit flies. The work is illustrated by applying the need to develop a mathematical model of the kinetic theory of aging to describe the probability density of death, probability of death, the average duration of life of the considered biological systems in the natural conditions of existence, as well as for dogs with limited time and chronic RA-diciannove impact, and for Drosophila - high external temperature. Op-defined kinetic equation of aging and their parameters.

[Forecasting of environmental health risk on the basis of the kinetic theory of aging of living systems].

The method of iterative congruence of search of parameters of kinetic mathematical model of aging of living systems according to medical statistics is developed. Its opportunities for the description of risk functions of mortality and life expectancy for the person and animals depending on environment factors are illustrated. The concept of forecasting of environmental risks--risks to population health from ecological factors of influence--is formulated.

Assessment of density variations of marine sediments with ocean and sediment depths.

We analyze the density distribution of marine sediments using density samples taken from 716 drill sites of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). The samples taken within the upper stratigraphic layer exhibit a prevailing trend of the decreasing density with the increasing ocean depth (at a rate of -0.05 g/cm(3) per 1 km).

[Mathematical model of the influence of the environment on the aging of living systems].

The authors propose a mathematical model of the influence of the environment on the aging of living systems. This model is based on the concept of continuous adaptation to the environment of biosystems from the moment of its birth. Adaptation rate as rate of risk of destructions accumulation in BS is studied as competition between two simultaneous processes: BS destruction and recombination of damages defined by kinetics of autocatalytic chemical reactions.

[Comparative eficacy of antihypertensive therapy in patients with arterial hypertension and various sensitivity to salt].

In 102 patients with high risk (52 patients with history of myocardial infarction, 50 patients with history of cerebral stroke within previous 6-48 months) arterial hypertension (AH) we studied clinical efficacy on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) lisinopril, calcium antagonist felodipine, and nonselective - -blocker carvedilol in dependence on salt sensitivity of AH. Efficacy of treatment was assessed with the help of office pressure measurement and 24 hour arterial pressure monitoring before and after 12 weeks of therapy. Patients who showed 10 or more mm Hg lowering of AP at transition from high salt (15 g/day) to low salt ( 3 g/day) diet were considered salt sensitive.

[Salt sensitivity in patients with arterial hypertension].

We present literature review on the role of excessive sodium consumption with food in pathogenesis of salt sensitive arterial hypertension (AH) as well as scientific data allowing to consider sensitivity to salt as independent factor of development and unfavorable course of AH associated with insulin resistance, high activity of sympathetic nervous system, and risk of cardiovascular complications. We present data on differential antihypertensive activity of drugs used for therapy of AH depending on sensitivity of patients to salt.

Production of free radicals and triplets from contact radical pairs and from photochemically generated radical ions.

The quantum yields of triplets and free radicals (or radical ions) that escaped recombination in photochemically created primary radical pairs (or radical ion pairs) are calculated. As the products of monomolecular photodissociation, the neutral radicals appear at contact, while the ions are initially distributed over the space due to distant photoionization (bimolecular electron transfer) in the liquid solution. The diffusional dependence of the quantum yields is shown to be different when recombination starts from contact or from separated reactants.