Molecular biomarkers involved in the progression of gallbladder inflammatory lesions to invasive cancer: A proteomic approach.

The progression of gallbladder inflammatory lesions to invasive cancer remains poorly understood, necessitating research on biomarkers involved in this transition. This study aims to identify and validate proteins associated with this progression, offering insights into potential diagnostic biomarkers for gallbladder cancer (GBC). Label-free liquid chromatography-assisted tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics was performed on samples from ten cases each of GBC and inflammatory lesions, with technical duplicates.

Genomic landscape of gallbladder cancer: insights from whole exome sequencing.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy noted for its aggressive characteristics and poor prognosis, which is mostly caused by delayed detection. However, the scarcity of information regarding somatic mutations in Indian patients with GBC has hampered the development of efficient therapeutic options. In the present study, the authors attempted to bridge this gap by revealing the mutational profile of GBC.

Somatic mutational landscape across Indian breast cancer cases by whole exome sequencing.

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequencing.

Consensus guidelines for the management of HR-positive HER2/neu negative early breast cancer in India, SAARC region and other LMIC by DELPHI survey method.

Background: Precise prognostication is the key to optimum and effective treatment planning for early-stage hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2/neu negative breast cancer patients. Differences in the breast cancer incidence and tumor anatomical features at diagnosis, pharmacogenomics data between Western and Indian women along with the vast diversity in the economic status and differences in insurance policies of these regions; suggest recommendations put forward for Western women might not be applicable to Indian/Asian women. Opinions from oncologists through a voting survey on various prognostic factors/tools to be considered for planning adjuvant therapy are consolidated in this report for the benefit of oncologists of the sub-continent, SAARC and Asia's LMIC (low and middle-income countries).

Hypo-fractionated accelerated radiotherapy with concurrent and maintenance temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: updated results from phase II HART-GBM trial.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have poor survival outcomes despite treatment advances and most recurrences occur within the radiation field. Survival outcomes after dose escalation through hypofractionated accelerated RT(HART) were evaluated in this study. We previously reported the study's initial results showing similar survival outcomes with acceptable toxicities.

The issues and challenges with cancer biomarkers.

A biomarker is a measurable indicator used to distinguish precisely/objectively either normal biological state/pathological condition/response to a specific therapeutic intervention. The use of novel molecular biomarkers within evidence-based medicine may improve the diagnosis/treatment of disease, improve health outcomes, and reduce the disease's socio-economic impact. Presently cancer biomarkers are the backbone of therapy, with greater efficacy and better survival rates.

Advances in Radiation Oncology: Current Status and Future Directions in India.

Radiation therapy is one of the core components of the comprehensive cancer care. Several new advancements in the radiation physics, radiation biology, and technical upgradation have led us in to a new era of radiation oncology. The access to quality radiation therapy treatment however remains a concern, and this mini-review emphasizes on these issues and also focuses on the future directions for radiation oncology in India.

Consensus guidelines on management of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Oral cancer is usually preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and early detection can downstage the disease. The majority of OPMDs are asymptomatic in early stages and can be detected on routine oral examination. Though only a proportion of OPMDs may transform to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), they may serve as a surrogate clinical lesion to identify individuals at risk of developing OSCC.

Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis of Uncommon Variants of Glioblastoma: An Analysis of 196 Cases.

Objectives: Different variant of GBM has been reported viz. Epithelioid Glioblastoma (GBM-E), Rhabdoid GBM (GBM-R), Small cell GBM (GBM-SC), Giant cell GBM (GBM-GC), GBM with neuro ectodermal differentiation (GBM-PNET) with unknown behavior.

Materials: We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of these rare GBM variants.

Leveraging epigenetics to enhance the efficacy of cancer-testis antigen: a potential candidate for immunotherapy.

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The phenotype is characterized by delayed diagnosis, recurrence and drug resistance. Inherent immunogenicity potential, oncogenic function and expression of cancer-testis/germline antigen (CTA) in ovarian cancer render them a potential candidate for immunotherapy.

Demography, patterns of care, and survival outcomes in patients with salivary duct carcinoma: an individual patient data analysis of 857 patients.

Aim: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy. The optimal treatment protocols are debated.

Methodology: A systematic search and individual patient data analysis of published cases of SDC was performed.

Rosette Forming Glioneural Tumor Treated with Conformal Radiation.

Rosette forming glioneural tumors (RGNT) are a rare type of low-grade brain tumor included in 2007 in WHO classification. Given the benign nature of the disease, a complete surgical excision has been considered optimum. However, a handful of cases have reported the locally aggressive nature of RGNT.

Practical Consensus Recommendations for Optimizing Risk versus Benefit of Chemotherapy in Patients with HR Positive Her2 Negative Early Breast Cancer in India.

Breast cancer is a public health challenge globally as well as in India. Improving outcome and cure requires appropriate biomarker testing to assign risk and plan treatment. Because it is documented that significant ethnic and geographical variations in biological and genetic features exist worldwide, such biomarkers need to be validated and approved by authorities in the region where these are intended to be used.

Molecular and genomic landscapes in secondary & therapy related acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex, aggressive myeloid neoplasm characterized by frequent somatic mutations that influence different functional categories' genes, resulting in maturational arrest and clonal expansion. AML can arise de novo (dn-AML) or can be secondary AML (s-AML) refers to a leukemic process which may arise from an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD-AML), mostly from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or can be the result of an antecedent cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy (therapy-related AML, t-AML). Clinical and biological features in secondary and therapy-related AML are distinct from de novo AML.

Cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and challenges.

Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is attacking the offending agent - for instance, in the case of cancer - the target of immunotherapy will be cancer cells. Some types of immunotherapy are also called biologic therapy or biotherapy.

Glioblastoma with Primitive Neuroectodermal Component Treated with Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Temozolomide: A Pooled Analysis of 23 Patients.

Aim: Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive neoplasms of the central nervous system with dismal survival. In recent years, different variants of GBM have been described in the literature. GBM with areas of neuroectodermal differentiation (GBM-PNET) is a relatively new entity in GBM.

South Asian Declaration-Consensus Guidelines for COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients.

We provide the South Asian Declaration, containing the consensus guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in cancer patients.

Patterns and Trends of Childhood Cancer Incidence (0-14 Years) in Delhi, India: 1990-2014.

Objectives: To investigate the patterns and temporal trends of childhood cancer incidence (0-14 years) in Delhi from 1990 to 2014.

Methods: The new childhood cancer cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2014 were extracted from the Delhi population-based cancer registry (PBCR). Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to assess the temporal behaviour of new childhood cancer.

An updated account on molecular heterogeneity of acute leukemia.

The progress in the field of personalized therapy has been the backbone for the improved mortality and morbidity figure in cancer especially with reference to acute leukemia. The same has been supported by evolving research and development in the field of genomics. The newer discoveries of mutations and the account of already discovered mutations have been playing a pivotal role to refine management strategy.

Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document on hepatocellular carcinoma.

This document aims to assist oncologists in making clinical decisions encountered while managing their patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), specific to Indian practice, based on consensus among experts. Most patients are staged by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system which comprises patient performance status, Child-Pugh status, number and size of nodules, portal vein invasion and metastasis. Patients should receive multidisciplinary care.

A systematic review of clinical and laboratory parameters of 3,000 COVID-19 cases.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. It is still a pandemic and poses major health problem across the globe. In our review, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients were compiled systematically, with special reference to pregnant women in order to understand the disease course.