Risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to a psychiatric acute ward: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Associations between psychiatric disorders and mortality have been extensively studied, but limited evidence exists regarding influence of clinical characteristics on mortality risk, at the time of acute psychiatric hospitalization.

Methods: A prospective total-cohort study included all patients consecutively admitted to Haukeland University Hospital's psychiatric acute ward in Bergen, Norway between 2005 and 2014 (n = 6125). Clinical interviews were conducted at the first admission within the study period, and patients were subsequently followed for up to 15 years in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

To lose a friend: the relationship between professional help and grief among close bereaved friends after the terror attack, 22 July 2011.

Close friends are often an overlooked group of bereaved people. This study is based on a sub-project on young adults who experienced the loss of a close friend in the terrorist attack on Utøya, Norway, on 22 July 2011. The aim of this longitudinal study was to explore the relationship between complicated grief reactions, the need for help, and help received after losing a close friend to a traumatic death.

Perfectionism as a predictor of change in digital self-guided interventions for public speaking anxiety in adolescents: A secondary analysis of a four-armed randomized controlled trial.

Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA) interventions targeting adolescents exist; however, not all gain improvement. This exploratory study investigated whether PSA interventions resulted in a decrease in perfectionism and whether pre-treatment level and changes in perfectionism moderated the effects on PSA and social anxiety. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents from junior high schools randomized to four groups: 1) VR only ( = 20), 2) VR + online exposure program ( = 20), 3) online psychoeducation and online exposure program ( = 40), 4) waitlist and online psychoeducation program ( = 20).

An interdisciplinary intervention for children and adolescents with multiple referrals and complex health complaints: a feasibility study.

Background: Children and adolescents with complex health complaints are often referred to several different healthcare specialists for assessments and treatment. This may result in fragmented care, higher risks of medical errors, and sub-optimal health outcomes. The aim of this non-controlled open label trial was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a new interdisciplinary intervention for children and adolescents with multiple referrals and complex health complaints and to gather experiences from participating children, adolescents and parents.

Predictors of school-based cognitive behavior therapy outcome for youth with anxiety.

Meta-analyses of school-based CBT have shown that prevention for anxiety symptoms typically report small but significant effects. There is limited knowledge regarding which youths may benefit most and least from such programs, and characteristics of youth who respond differentially to interventions of different intensity. The present study examined predictors of school-based CBT outcomes among 302 youths (mean age 14.

Clinical insight among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders treated with amisulpride, aripiprazole or olanzapine: a semi-randomised trial.

Background: Antipsychotic treatment may improve clinical insight. However, previous studies have reported inconclusive findings on whether antipsychotics improve insight over and above the reduction in symptoms of psychosis. These studies assessed homogeneous samples in terms of stage of illness.

Does drug use affect the efficacy of amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Results from a pragmatic, randomised study.

Objectives: Drug use is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) but there is limited knowledge about the influence of drug use on the effectiveness of antipsychotic medication. This secondary explorative study compared the effectiveness of three antipsychotics in patients with SSD, with and without drug use.

Methods: The BeSt InTro multi-centre, head to head, rater-blinded randomised study compared amisulpride, aripiprazole and olanzapine over a 1-year follow-up period.

Antidepressive Effectiveness of Amisulpride, Aripiprazole, and Olanzapine in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Secondary Outcome Analysis of a Pragmatic, Randomized Trial (BeSt InTro).

Background: Depressive symptoms are frequent in schizophrenia and associated with a poorer outcome. Currently, the optimal treatment for depressive symptoms in schizophrenia remains undetermined. Amisulpride, aripiprazole, and olanzapine all have antidepressive pharmacodynamic properties, ranging from serotonergic affinities to limbic dopaminergic selectivity.

A self-guided internet-delivered intervention for adults with ADHD: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood, with an estimated prevalence of 2-3 %, is associated with several challenges in daily life functioning. Still, the availability of evidence-based psychological interventions for adults with ADHD is limited. Interventions delivered over the Internet on smartphones or personal computers may help to increase the availability of and access to effective psychological interventions.

Adherence, Competence, and Alliance as Predictors of Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders.

The present study investigated therapist adherence, therapist competence, and patient-therapist alliance as predictors of long-term outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth. Potential differential effects for group versus individual CBT, for therapists with or without formal CBT training, and based on youth symptom severity were examined. Videotapes (n = 181) from treatment sessions in a randomized controlled effectiveness trial comprising youth (N = 170, M age = 11.

Dialectical behavioral therapy-based group treatment versus treatment as usual for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Studies on structured skills training groups have indicated beneficial, although still inconclusive, effects on core symptoms of ADHD in adults. This trial examined effects of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy-based group treatment (DBT-bGT) on the broader and clinically relevant executive functioning and emotional regulation in adults with ADHD.

Methods: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, adult patients with ADHD were randomly assigned to receive either weekly DBT-bGT or treatment as usual (TAU) during 14 weeks.

Diastolic function and cardiovascular risk among patients with severe obesity referred to a lifestyle-program - a pilot study.

. Severe obesity is associated with a high risk of comorbidities and alterations of cardiac structure and function. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the proportion of diastolic dysfunction (DD) at baseline, and changes in cardiac function from baseline (T1) to 6 months follow-up (T2) among participants with severe obesity attending a lifestyle-intervention.

Objective assessment of motor activity in a clinical sample of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or cyclothymic temperament.

Background: Most research on patterns of motor activity has been conducted on adults with mood disorders, but few studies have investigated comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or temperamental factors that may influence the clinical course and symptoms. Cyclothymic temperament (CT) is particularly associated with functional impairment. Clinical features define both disorders, but objective, biological markers for these disorders could give important insights with regard to pathophysiology and classification.

Gender specific early treatment for women with alcohol addiction (EWA): Impact on work related outcomes. A 25-year registry follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Background: Alcohol contributes to substantial economic burden, at both individual and community levels. We investigated the effect of the Early treatment for Women with Alcohol Addiction (EWA) treatment program on sickness leave, income, unemployment and early retirement pension up to 25 years following intake to treatment.

Methods: The EWA RCT included 200 women with alcohol use disorder from 1983 to 1984 at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.

The Effect of SMS Reminders on Adherence in a Self-Guided Internet-Delivered Intervention for Adults With ADHD.

Background: Self-guided Internet-delivered interventions may serve as an accessible and flexible non-pharmacological treatment supplement for adults with ADHD. However, these interventions are challenged by low adherence.

Objective: To examine whether weekly SMS reminders improve adherence to a self-guided Internet-delivered intervention for adults with ADHD.

Folate Status as a Nutritional Indicator among People with Substance Use Disorder; A Prospective Cohort Study in Norway.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor nutrition. Vitamin B9, or folate, is an important micronutrient for health. The aim of this prospective longitudinal cohort study was to assess serum folate levels among people with SUD and to investigate the impact of factors related to substance use severity on folate status.

Predictors of Treatment Response to an Internet-Delivered Intervention Targeting Residual Cognitive Symptoms After Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: Residual cognitive symptoms after depression are common and associated with reduced daily life functioning and an increased risk of depression relapse. There is a lack of knowledge on treatments targeting residual cognitive symptoms after major depressive disorder (MDD), including the factors associated with treatment response. The aim of the current study is to explore factors of treatment response to a guided internet-delivered intervention for former depressed adults experiencing residual cognitive symptoms.

Association between C-reactive protein levels and antipsychotic treatment during 12 months follow-up period after acute psychosis.

Background: A potential role of inflammatory pathways in the pathology of schizophrenia has been suggested for at least a subgroup of patients. Elevated levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) have been observed, with associations to pathogenesis and symptoms. The current evidence regarding effects of antipsychotics on CRP levels is ambiguous.

The Influence of Substance Use on Side Effects of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, and Ziprasidone in Psychosis.

Background: Side effects restrict the optimal use of antipsychotics. Little is known about the influence of substance use on side effects. The aim of this study was to compare antipsychotic side effects in patients with psychosis with and without substance use, while also taking medication history and diagnosis into consideration.

Depression and mentalizing: A psychodynamic therapy process study.

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between changes in depressive symptoms and the capacity to mentalize over the course of a 3-month inpatient psychodynamic therapy in a sample of 56 patients with depression. Depressive symptoms and mentalizing were assessed weekly during treatment and at 1-year follow-up with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). Data were analyzed using Latent Growth Curve (LGC) modeling with structured residuals.

Disentangling Within- and Between-Person Effects During Response Inhibition in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been related to worse performance, abnormal brain activity, and functional connectivity during response inhibition. Whether these findings are indications of stable traits that contribute to the development of the disorder, or whether they are a result of the state severity of obsessions and anxiety, remains unclear since previous research mainly has employed cross-sectional designs. The present study aimed to assess longitudinal between- and within-person relationships between symptoms, task performance, right inferior frontal gyrus brain activation, and connectivity between the right amygdala and the right pre-supplementary motor area in 29 OCD patients before and after concentrated exposure and response prevention treatment.