Prospective associations of adolescent obesity phenotypes with self-reported polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis in young adulthood.

Study Question: Are empirically derived adolescent overweight/obesity phenotypes differentially associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in young adulthood?

Summary Answer: Self-reported PCOS diagnosis risk in young adulthood varied by empirically derived adolescent overweight/obesity phenotypes, with the highest risk observed among those in the 'mothers with obesity' and 'early puberty' phenotypes.

What Is Known Already: Overweight and obesity during puberty are postulated to promote the development of PCOS. Much of the prior literature in this area is cross-sectional and defines weight status based solely on BMI, yet emerging research suggests that not all people with overweight/obesity have the same risk for chronic health conditions, including PCOS.

Does cancer clinical trial enrollment for sexual and gender minority people differ from heterosexual, cisgender people?

Background: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people experience cancer disparities compared to heterosexual and cisgender (non-SGM) people and likely have barriers to cancer clinical trial enrollment. Data are sparse, however, regarding cancer clinical trial enrollment for SGM versus non-SGM people.

Methods: Using data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), we applied a logistic regression to assess associations between SGM status and clinical trial enrollment for 346 SGM and 9441 non-SGM people diagnosed with cancer.

The Association Between ACE Score and Having Pre-Pregnancy Health Conversations with a Healthcare Provider (2016-2020).

Objectives: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) increase health risks leading to negative pregnancy outcomes, thus prompting the need for preconception care to address these risks. The aim of this study is to assess the association between ACEs score and self-report of having pre-pregnancy health conversations with a healthcare provider.

Methods: Secondary analysis of PRAMS data from 2016 to 2020 was performed from 3 states and Washington, DC.

Association Between Food Insecurity and Developmental Delay and Behavioral Problems in US Children 2 to 5 Years of Age.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between food insecurity and developmental delay and/or behavior problems (DD/PB) in US children aged 2 to 5 years before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Data from 14,464 children aged 2 to 5 years from the National Survey of Children's Health from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed. Children with food insecurity came from families reporting they sometimes or often could not afford nutritious meals.

Prescribing Patterns for Postpartum Contraception Among Breastfeeding Patients Insured Under Medicaid in Rhode Island: A PRAMS Analysis.

Introduction: Disparities in contraceptive counseling are well documented in the United States. People of color, those of lower socio-economic status, and Medicaid insurance are more likely to receive contraception/sterilization counseling than White patients. Postpartum contraceptive choice is an important aspect for pregnant people, especially for those who plan to breastfeed.

Influenza vaccine during pregnancy, recommendations from healthcare providers, and race/ethnicity in the United States.

Objectives: We examined racial/ethnic differences in the association between influenza vaccine recommendations from healthcare providers and maternal vaccination uptake.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We categorized respondents as non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH-Blacks, NH-Asians, American Indians/Alaska Natives, NH Other non-Whites, and Hispanics.

Stress During Pregnancy Associated with Newborn Low Birth Weight: Experiences from the State of Rhode Island.

Purpose: Prenatal stress is a known risk for poor birth outcomes. This study specifically looked at reported stress during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) in Rhode Island.

Methods: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 2016 to 2018 for the state of Rhode Island was utilized.

The association between maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in the United States: Pregnancy risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS).

Objective: Influenza vaccination during pregnancy is highly recommended. We examined the association between maternal influenza vaccination and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) during 2012-2017.

The Association of Antenatal Depression and Cesarean Delivery among First-Time Parturients: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: Antenatal depression (AD) has been considered a risk factor for cesarean delivery (CD); however, the supporting data are inconsistent. We used a large, nationally representative dataset to evaluate whether there is an association between AD and CD among women delivering for the first time.

Study Design: We utilized the 2016 to 2019 Multistate Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from the Centers for Disease Control.

The association between adverse birth outcomes and smoking cessation during pregnancy across the United States-43 States and New York City, 2012-2017.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the risks of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant smokers and the benefits of smoking cessation during pregnancy on birth outcomes across the United States.

Methods: We performed an analysis of 203,437 pregnant women using data collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2012 to 2017. PRAMS uses questionnaires and birth certificates to collect information about the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women, smoking status before and during pregnancy, and birth outcomes.

Relationship Between Risks for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Resistant Hypertension, and Aldosterone Among African American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study.

Background: African Americans have a higher prevalence of resistant hypertension compared with Caucasians. Racial differences in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and increased aldosterone level may explain the racial disparity in resistant hypertension prevalence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate if aldosterone level and hypertension status differ by risks for OSA (e.

Antenatal Depression and Cesarean Delivery Among Recently-Delivered Nulliparous Women in Rhode Island.

Objective: Antenatal depression (AD) is frequently cited as a risk factor for cesarean delivery (CD) with limited supporting data.

Study Design: We utilized 2016-2018 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) survey for the state of Rhode Island. Nulliparous women who reported AD (n=242) were compared to women who did not (n=1,081).

Do Unmet Health Needs Drive Pediatric Emergency Department Utilization?: A Population-Based Assessment.

Objective: Lack of access to basic health services is thought to increase emergency department (ED) utilization. This study assessed the relationship between unmet health care needs and pediatric ED utilization in the United States.

Methods: The National Survey of Children's Health was used (2016-2017; n = 71,360).

Childhood Obesity Is Associated with Poor Academic Skills and Coping Mechanisms.

Objective: To assess the relationship between obesity and select childhood flourishing markers including academic skills and coping strategies.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study utilizing parental reported data for children aged 10-17 years (n = 22 914) from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. Multiple binary regressions assessed the association between body mass index-for-age and 5 school-related and behavioral childhood flourishing markers independently and combined, including completing homework, showing interest in learning, finishing tasks, staying calm when challenged, and caring about academics.

Sounding the Alarm on Sleep: A Negative Association Between Inadequate Sleep and Flourishing.

Objective: To assess the national prevalence of inadequate sleep among school-age children and its relationship with childhood flourishing.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study analyzed 49 050 parental responses from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health for school-age children. Inadequate sleep duration was defined as <9 hours for 6- to 12-year-olds and <8 hours for 13- to 17-year-olds on an average weeknight.

Transfusion, mortality and hemoglobin level: Associations among emergency department patients in Kigali, Rwanda.

Background: Studies from high-income countries (HIC) support restrictive blood transfusion thresholds in medical patients. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the etiologies of anemia and baseline health states differ greatly; optimal transfusion thresholds are unknown. This study evaluated the association of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion with mortality outcomes across hemoglobin levels amongst emergency center (EC) patients presenting with medical pathology in Kigali, Rwanda.

Higher education associated with better national tetanus vaccination coverage: A population-based assessment.

Vaccination coverage among United States (U.S.) adults for tetanus continues to be lower than the national goals.

Children With ADHD Engage in Less Physical Activity.

Children with ADHD should engage in physical activity, given its known role as a treatment adjunct. The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and physical activity among children in the United States. This retrospective population-based cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 caregiver reported, National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH).

Assessing the Association Between Maternal Education and Access to Pediatric Specialty Care.

. Timely access to pediatric specialty care continues to be a pervasive issue. We aimed to identify factors associated with unmet pediatric specialty care needs by assessing the association with maternal level of education.

Adolescent Access to Patient-Centered Medical Homes.

Objectives: To analyze the distribution of patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) among US adolescents, and to examine whether disparities exist among subgroups.

Study Design: Data on adolescents ages 12-17 years (n = 34 601) from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health were used in this cross-sectional study to determine what proportion had access to a PCMH. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of having a PCMH, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and special health care needs.

Frequent Emergency Department Use by Children.

Objectives: Frequent use of the emergency department (ED) is often targeted as a quality improvement metric. The objective of this study was to assess ED visit frequency by the demographic and health characteristics of children who visit the ED to better understand risk factors for high ED utilization.

Methods: The majority of pediatric ED services in Rhode Island are provided by a hospital network that includes the state's only children's hospital.